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health (h) (weaknesses/issues/challenges (lack of h infra (secondary…

- - - - reasons
        
        with rising life expectancy, vulnerability to NCD increases
    - - 71s NSS round
        
        cost in govt facilities - rs 6120/ case
        
        cost in private facilities - rs 25,850
        
        despite diff., 70% cases go in private facilities
  - - - poorly defined
      - ineffective enforcement
  - - - doctors/lakh population
        
        reqd - 85
        
        current - 45
      - nurses/lakh population
        
        current - 75
        
        reqd - 225
  - - - shortage of 30% community h centres(BRHS 2015)
      - 81% posts vacant at CHCs (BRHS)
    - - around 20% shortage(bulletin of rural health statistics 2016)
    - - skewed towards urban areas
    - - WHO recom for low income countries - 1/1000 popn
  - - - KPMG report - 74% doc cater to 3rd of urban popn
      - 81% specialists short in rural CHCs
      - urban rural ratio of docs = 3.8:1
      - 80% of allopathic docs in rural areas lack medical qualifications - WHO study
- - - - ayurveda, yoga, unani, siddha, homeopathy, naturopathy
  - - - low side effects
      - low costs
      - more natural
  - - - quality certification scheme by QCI
  - - - to validate treatments
      - cross-disciplinary research to bring out best h practices
    - - addition of ayush syllabus at undergraduate level
      - cross disciplinary learning b/w modern/aysh systems at post-graduate levels
- - - - public health & sanitation
      - hospitals/dispensaries
    - - edu including medical edu
- - - - compromised patient safety/transparency
      - malpractices/corruption
    - - national health profile report - 75/18% patients from savings/loan
- - - - meaning
        
        increase nutritional value of crops by selective breeding or genetic engineering
- - - - social
      - family
- - - - affordable
      - accountable
      - high quality
      - accessable
    - - preventive
      - curative
      - promotive
      - rehabilitative
    - - social status
      - gender
      - income level
      - religion
      - caste
    - - enabler/guarantor
      - not necessarily only provider
- - - - 1.5 lakhs
      - provide primary h-care
      - includes NCD and maternal h
      - issues
        
        shortage of human resource
        
        low budget allocation
    - - h insurance upto 5 lakh/year per family, no cap on family size/age
      - 10.74 crore families covered - 50 crore people
      - free treatment at empaneled private hospitals
      - services can be availed across india
    - - reduce out of pocket exp
      - help achieve UHC
      - create new h infra in remote/rural areas
- - - - serve as
        
        licentiate exam before doctors can start practice
        
        entrance test to post-graduate level
      - aim to reduce disparities in skill sets of doctors graduating from diff institutions