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chapter 20 nonvascular plants:mosses, liverworts, and hornworts…
chapter 20 nonvascular plants:mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
nonvascular plants
plants are traditionally divided into those that have neither vascular tissues nor seeds,
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spermatophytes
have both vascular tissue and seeds, nonvascular plants arose first, and some of their later members were the ancestors of the vascular plants.
gametophores
many moss plants grow close together, tightly appressed and forming dense mounds. in other species, particularly those of cool wet areas, the plants are more open and loose.
mosses
ubiquitous, occurring in all parts of the world and in almost every environment. they are perennial and thrive in many places within cities.
hydroids
in some mosses, primarily the family polytrichaceous, the innermost cortex is composed of cells
leptoids
they are elongate, have relatively prominent interconnections with adjacent cells, and lack nuclei at maturity, although they do retain their cytoplasm
rhizoids
small, multicellular trichome-like structures that penetrate the surface of the substrate. rhizoids only anchor the stem; they do not absorb either water or minerals.
protonema
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antherida
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