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Nonvascular Plants (Bryophyta (sporophyte generation (capsule (outer layer…

- - - - gametophores
        
        leafy stems
        
        grow close together
      - stems are slim
      - grow from apical meristem
    - - protoonema
        
        branched system
        
        filamentous green alga
      - long chlorophyll cell
        
        begins development
    - - antheridia
        
        sperms
      - archegonia #
        
        eggs
    - - ubiquitous
      - thrive within cities
    - - hydroids
        
        conduct water
        
        dissolve minerals
        
        cell walls digested
      - leptoids
        
        resemble sieve cells
        
        elongated and interconnected
      - rhizoids
        
        trichome-like structures
        
        small, multicellular
        
        penetrate substrate surface
  - - - small, bulbous tissues
      - basal cell in archegonium
    - - simple apical sporangium
      - outer layer
        
        sterile cells
      - inner column
        
        sterile cells
    - - stalk
      - between sporangium and foot
    - - cap-like lid
      - separates from sporangium
    - - respond to humidity
      - controls spores
    - - layer of cells
      - neck
- - - - gametophore
        
        like mosses
        
        two rounded lobes
    - - gametophyte phase
        
        spores germinate
        
        establish temporary protonematal
      - thallus
        
        body with no
        
        roots
        
        stems
        
        leaves
    - - large
      - NOT stomata
    - - umbrella shaped
      - tall stalk
    - - stalked
      - radiating fingers
        
        droop down
  - - - single, elongate cells
      - little variability
      - structure #
        
        seta is sensitive
- - - - numerous chambers
        
        mucilage when young
    - - superficial cells make
      - do not surround egg
      - canal
    - - grow
      - sterile cells
        
        change chloroplasts to chromoplasts
        
        enlarge
- - - - multicellular sprangia
      - gametangia
    - - hepatophyta
        
        liverworts
      - anthoceotophyta
        
        hornworts
      - byrophyta #
        
        mosses