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Nonvascular Plants (Division Bryophyta: Mosses (The Sporophyte Generation,…
Nonvascular Plants
Division Bryophyta: Mosses
The Sporophyte Generation
Sporangia
Capsule contains spores
Satea (slender stalk)
Foot
Operculum
Peristome teeth
Calyptra
The Gametophyte Generation
Water Transport
Most conduct water
Some lack hydroids
Transport sugar between parenchyma cells at slow rate
Hydroids conduct water and minerals
Hydroids are long
Hydroids lose cytoplasm when mature
Rhezoids anchor the stem
Lack chloroplasts
Don't absorb water or minerals
Walls appear reddish
Leptoids resemble sieve tubes
Lack nuclei at maturity
Do not lose cytoplasm
Development
Mitosis occurs
Process repeats
Spore germinates
Produces many buds
Morphology
Derivative cells subdivide into tissues and leaves
Cuticle occurs on upper surface
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Gametophores
Grow as ribbons 15cm from apical meristem
Leaves aligned in 3 rows
Most have midrib
Only one cell thick
No stomata
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Stems are slender
Reproduction
Gametophore produces gametangia
Oogamous has small biflagellate sperm and large egg cells
Sperm
Antheridia
Egg
Archegonia
Occur in all parts of the world
Perennial
Division Hepatophyta: Liverworts
Sporophyte Generation
Clear thin cells
Foot
Sporangia covered by calpytra
Lacks columella
No stomata
No peristome teeth
Very small few ever become large
Gametophyte Generation
Two groups
Leafy Liverworts
Gametophyte phase initiated when spores germinate
Greatly resemble moss
Thin leaves and slender stem
No midrib or conducting tissue
Leaves arranged in rows of 3
Gametangia
Thallose Liverworts
Thallus body
Thick body
Bears rhizoids
Air pores
Antheridia and archegonia grouped together
Characteristics of Nonvascular Plants
Nonvascular Plants
Life Cycle
Embryophytes
Sporangia
Smaller
More temporary
Little photosynthesis
Never has leaves
Never branch
Gametangia
Larger
More prominent
General Characteristics
Cuticle covers most of the body
True parenchyma
Exclusively terrestrial
Lots of stomata
Lack of vascular tissue
Flowering Plants
Example: Spanish Moss
Life cycle
Gametophytes
Small
Found inside ovules and pollen grains
Sporophytes
Large
Roots and leaves
Classification of Nonvascular Plants
Three distinct divisions
Division Hepatophyta: Liverworts
Division Anthocerotophyta: Hornworts
Division Bryophyta: Mosses
All were once grouped into Bryophyta
3 classes mosses, liverworts, hornworts
Informally referred to as Bryophytes
Division Anthocerotophyta: Hornworts
The Gametophyte Generation
Appear in the fall
Grow in the winter
Spores present in spring
Die before summer due to drying
Gametangium development is distinctive
Antheridia are not surface cells
Mucilage chamber forms near surface
Antheridia transform chloroplasts into chromoplasts
Archegonia formed from surface cells
Egg lies below short neck and neck canal surrounded by thallus cells
The Sporophyte Generation
Sporangia grows from root
Horn-like shape
Spores have columella
Foot
Attached to gametophyte
No satea
