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Linear algebra systematized (Vector (Definition (Geometric…
Linear algebra systematized
Vector
Definition
Mathematic
arrays of numbers
notation
row vector
column vector
2d vector: [x, y]
3d vector: [x, y, z]
4d vector: [x, y, z, w]
Geometric
directed line segment that has
magnitude
and
direction
Characteristics
vector do not have position, only magnitude and direction
for example
Displacement
: “Take three steps forward.” This sentence seems to
be all about positions, but the actual quantity used in the sentence is
a relative displacement and does not have an absolute position. This
relative displacement consists of a magnitude (3 steps) and a direction
(forward), so it could be represented by a vector.
Velocity
: “I am traveling northeast at 50 mph.” This sentence de-
scribes a quantity that has magnitude (50 mph) and direction (north-
east), but no position. The concept of “northeast at 50 mph” can be
represented by a vector.
Can be used to represent
relative displacement
and
velocity
displacement
and
velocity
are technically different from
distance
and
speed
which are
scalar quantities
distance
is the magnitude of vector quantity
displacement
speed
is the magnitude of vector quantity
velocity
Because vectors are used to express displacements and
relative differ-
ences
between things, they can describe
relative positions
. (“My house is
3 blocks east of here.”)
Specifying Vectors with Cartesian Coordinates
each coordinate measures a
signed displacement
in the corresponding dimension
For example, in 2D, we list the displacement parallel to the x-axis, and the displacement parallel to the y-axis