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Nonvascular Plants: Mosses, Liverworts (The Sporophyte Generation (foot,…
Nonvascular Plants: Mosses, Liverworts
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liverworts
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thallose liverworts
thallus 
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archegoniophore
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Hornworts
- Nonvascular plants belong to the division Bryophyta, which includes mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. These plants have no vascular tissue, so the plants cannot retain water or deliver it to other parts of the plant body.
- Vascular Cryptogam is an old botanical phrase, and it refers to those vascular plants that do not make seeds. Thus, cryptogam (literally hidden gametophyte) refers to the production of a separate, usually very small, archegoniate gametophyte. These are well represented in the fossil record
- a plant of a large division that comprises those that bear seeds, including the gymnosperms and angiosperms.
- Mosses are a phylum of non-vascular plants. They produce spores for reproduction instead of seeds and don't grow flowers, wood or true roots. Instead of roots, all species of moss have rhizoids. The mosses sit within a division of plants called the Bryophyta under the sub-division Musci.
- In moss and fern (Archegoniata) the gametophore is the bearer of the sex organs (gametangia), the female archegonia and the male antheridia. If both the archegonia and antheridia are arranged at the same plant, they are called monoicous.
- Hydroids are a life stage for most animals of the class Hydrozoa, small predators related to jellyfish. Some hydroids such as the freshwater Hydra are solitary, with the polyp attached directly to the substrate. When these produce buds, they become detached and grow on as new individuals.
- A leptoid is a type of elongated food-conducting cell like phloem in the stems of some mosses, such as the family Polytrichaceae. They surround strands of water-conducting hydroids. They have some structural and developmental similarities to the sieve elements of seedless vascular plants.
- a filamentous outgrowth or root hair on the underside of the thallus in some lower plants, especially mosses and liverworts, serving both to anchor the plant and (in terrestrial forms) to conduct water.
- A protonema (plural: protonemata) is a thread-like chain of cells that forms the earliest stage (the haploid phase) of the life cycle of mosses and liverworts.
- An antheridium is a haploid structure or organ producing and containing male gametes. The plural form is antheridia, and a structure containing one or more antheridia is called an androecium. "Androecium" is also used as the collective term for the stamens of flowering plants.
- An archegonium, from the ancient Greek ἀρχή and γόνος, is a multicellular structure or organ of the gametophyte phase of certain plants, producing and containing the ovum or female gamete. The corresponding male organ is called the antheridium. The archegonium has a long neck canal or venter and a swollen base
- The basal portion of an embryo, sporophyte, or spore-producing body, which is embedded in the parental tissue. It serves as an anchor and to absorb nutrients.
- A capsule is a type of simple, dry, though rarely fleshy dehiscent fruit produced by many species of angiosperms (flowering plants).
- (in a moss or liverwort) the stalk supporting the capsule.
- An operculum or opercula are botanical terms describing a certain structure or structures of certain vascular plants, mosses, or fungi which act as a cap, flap, or lid. In vascular plants, an operculum may also be called a bud cap.
- Peristome is an anatomical feature that surrounds an opening to an organ or structure. Some plants, fungi, and shelled gastropods have peristomes.
- In bryophytes, the calyptra (plural calyptrae) is an enlarged archegonial venter that protects the capsule containing the embryonic sporophyte. The calyptra is usually lost before the spores are released from the capsule.
- The Marchantiophyta are a division of non-vascular land plants commonly referred to as hepatics or liverworts. Like mosses and hornworts, they have a gametophyte-dominant life cycle, in which cells of the plant carry only a single set of genetic information.
- Leafy liverwort. Leafy liverwort, also called scale moss, any of numerous species of liverworts (class Hepatopsida), generally of the order Jungermanniales, in which the plant body is prostrate and extends horizontally in leaflike form with an upper and lower surface.
- have a ribbonlike, or strap-shaped, body that grows flat on the ground. They have a high degree of internal structural differentiation into photosynthetic and storage zones.
- a plant body that is not differentiated into stem and leaves and lacks true roots and a vascular system. Thalli are typical of algae, fungi, lichens, and some liverworts.
- a gametophore bearing antheridia only (as in certain mosses and liverworts)
- he stalk or other outgrowth of a prothallium upon which archegonia are borne (as in liverworts of the genus Marchantia) — compare carpocephalum.
- An elater is a cell that is hygroscopic, and therefore will change shape in response to changes in moisture in the environment. Elaters come in a variety of forms, but are always associated with plant spores. In many plants that do not have seeds, they function in dispersing the spores to a new location.
- are a group of non-vascular plants constituting the division Anthocerotophyta. The common name refers to the elongated horn-like structure, which is the sporophyte. As in mosses and liverworts, the flattened, green plant body of a hornwort is the gametophyte plant.