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DOCUMENT ANALYSIS (G. A. BOWEN) (Use of documents in Grounded theory (Use…
DOCUMENT ANALYSIS (G. A. BOWEN)
Definition
Examine & interpret data
Elicit meaning
Gain understanding
Develop knowledge
Documents
Shared
Used
Produced
Variety
Manuals
Background papers
Minutes of meetings
Books
Attendance registers
Diaries
Agendas
Maps / Charts
Advertisements
Newspapers
Systematic procedure
Analyse & review documents
Electronic
Printed
Rationale
Case studies
Rich description
Event
Person
Phenomenon
Organisation
Program
Documents
Uncover meaning
Develop understanding
Discover insights
Mixed-method studies
Qualitative reseaarch
Quantitative research
Hermeneutic inquiry
Phenomenological reflection
Elicit essential & identical themes
Triangulation
Corroborate findings
Combine methodologies
Different sources
Credibility
Use of documents
Situation to observe
Focus on activities
Collect documents
Supplementary data
Valuable knowledge
Archives
Journal entries
Library catalogues
Memos
Questions to ask
New questions
Track change & development
Compare documents
Identify changes
Examine
Periodic / Final reports
Provide data
Background information
Historical insight
Witness events
Verify findings / Corroborate evidence
Contradiction
Investigate further
Convergence
Credible
Trustworthy
Limitations
Low retrievability
Documents
Difficult to retrieve
Deliberately blocked
Biased selectivity
Aligned with corporate policies
Reflect emphasis of organisations
Insufficient detail
Documents
Created independent of research agenda
Insufficient detail
No answer to research question
Produced for purpose
Evaluating evidence
Establish
Contribution to issue
Meaning of document
Purpose
Reason
Target audience
Assess completeness
Comprehensive
:Selective
Identify
Theoretical framework
Instruments
Methods
Design
Determine
Representiveness
Accuracy
Credibility
Authenticity
Conceptual framework
Relevance
Problem
Research
Purpose
Be critical & cautious
Use of documents in Grounded theory
Archives
Internet
Hard copies
Document
Incomplete
Fragmented
Selective
Minutes of meetings
Activities
Artefacts of organisational proceedings
Explains situations / processes / outcomes
Authentic
Observation
Determine what / how / who
Develop understanding
Interview
Key information
Knowledgeable insiders
Additional data
Clarify issues
Use exiting literature & documents
Trade journals
Business journals
Newspapers
Government publications
Documents
Broker reviews
Annual documents
Press releases
Multi-method approach
Non-participant observation
Document analysis
Semi-structured interview
Document analysis
Probing questions
Background
Suggest events
Themes
Constant comparative method
Inductive approach
Data coding
Content of documents
Analysis of documents
Identify conceptual boundaries
Refine ideas
Relevance of categories
Advantage
Lack of reactivity
Analysis
Content analysis
Organise information
Categories
Entails document review
Identify meaningful information
Thematic analysis
Categories
Emerging themes
Involves coding of data
Pattern recognition
Demonstrate rigor
Comprehensive process
Identification of themes
Document analysis
Reading
Interpretation
Skimming
Advantages
Cost-effectiveness
Evaluate
Quality
Content
Data gathered
Less costly
Method of choice
Coverage
Documents provide
Broad coverage
Long time span
Many settings
Many events
Availability
Public domain
Internet
Obtainable
Exactness
References
Details of events
Names
Efficient
Less time consuming
Requires data collection
Stability
Lack of obtrusiveness & reactivity
