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Mining data from documents and artifacts (Strengths (unobtrusive & non…
Mining data from documents and artifacts
Types
Visual Docs
web-based
usefulness
accessibility
strengths
immediate capture
non-verbal behaviour
non-verbal communication
gestures
emotions
limitations
camera angle
tech expertise needed
intrusive
availibility
photography
constant presence
affordable
generated photos
photo elicitation
prompts
found photos
video
film
contemporary reality
Pop Culture Docs
persuade
Satirical cartoon
inform
photographs
newspapers
track cultural change
entertain
film
TV
Radio
infinite
Public Records
on-going
societal
marriages
police records
births/deaths
court transcripts
diary entries
newspaper articles
accessible
official
Personal Docs
First person narrative
experiences
diaries
letters
blogs
photo albums
home videos
beliefs
actions
snapshots
Personal persepctive
inner meaning
Subjectivity
editing
trustworthiness
refinement
self-selectivity
consider bias
Artifacts
physically endure
mute evidence
trace material
changes in physical setting
erosion
accretion/accumulation
readily available
non-reactive
longitudinal monitoring
minimal cooperation
results in actual behaviour
unobtrusive
everyday types
instruments
utensils
tools
Researcher-generated
after study has begun
to learn more
Using docs and artifacts
Assess authenticity
question the accuracy
question honesty
unintentional misrepresentation
intentional misrepresentation
question the use
question the history
nature of source
secondary
indirect involvement
primary
First-hand account
Qualified person
Find relevant materials
serendipitoius discoveries
open mind
systematic process
adopt analysis system
coding
cataloging
Strengths
information-loaded
time-saving
free
descriptive
unobtrusive & non-reactive
official records
private docs
physical traces
simple observations
stability
accessible
objective
Limitations
incomplete materials
lack continuity
unrepresentative samples
incongruencies
questionable authenticity/accuracy
built-in bias
deception (purposeful/unpurposeful
un-understandable information
Online Considerations
widens the scope
limited
private communication
comprehension not guaranteed
verbal cues
non-verbal cues
exclusionary
writing skills
computer literacy
revealed/concealed/altered
electronic extension
effects
researcher not primary instrument
biased information
online vs offline
static data
remains unchanged
treated as artifacts
no interaction
dynamic data
re-posted and deleted
interviews
interactive contexts
twitter
facebook
observations
ethics
free speech
intellectual property
deceive participants
protection of participants
public vs private
security and confidentiality
No harm done
informed consent
Analysing and Reporting
simultaneous analysis
write observer comments
memos to self
plan data collection
try ideas and themes
develop analytic questions
explore literature
determine type of study
play with concepts
narrow the study
use visual devices
manage data
Coding
number
letters
colour
single words
phrases