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CIRCULATORY SYSTEM (BLOOD VESSELS (ARTERIES (heart to organs, walls…
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
BLOOD VESSELS
ARTERIES
heart to organs
walls strong/elastic
high pressure
VEINS
organs to heart
thinner walls
low pressure
CAPILLARIES
very small diameter
exchange blood-cells
dense networks into organs
BLOOD
PLASMA
mostly water
liguid/yellow
transport nutrients/wastes
BLOOD CELLS
white cells
protect against infections
with nucleus
platelets
stop bleeding (clots)
fragments / small groups
red cells
no nucleus
doubly concave
transport oxygen (haemoglobin)
HEART
structure
myocardium
muscle walls
2 atria
blood into heart (through veins)
2 ventricles
blood out of heart (through arteries)
heartbeat (cardiac cycle)
1.atrial contraction (systole)
blood to ventricles
2.ventricular contraction (systole)
blood out of the heart
first sound (atrioventricular valves closed)
Diastole (relaxation)
second sound (artery valves closed)
atria fill with blood from veins
HEALTH
blocked arteries
lipids (cholesterol) in walls
artery diameter reduced
atherosclerosis
in heart (coronary arteries)
myocardial infarction (heart attack)
partially blocked
angina pectoris
blood disorders
anaemia
low haemoglobin levels (low iron)
get tired easily (low energy)
balanced diet
leukaemia
cancer bone marrow
deficient production of blood cells
DOUBLE CIRCULATION
PULMONARY LOOP
right ventricle to pulmonar arteries
lungs
gas exchange (oxygen in /co2 out)
left atria from pulmonary veins
SYSTEMIC LOOP
left ventricle to aorta artery
tissues
exchange nutrients and gas (capillaries)
blood with CO2 and wastes
right atria from cava veins