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assault (actus reus (3) immediate (means 'imminent' rather than…

- - - - Smith v Chief Superintendent Woking Police Station
      - R v Ireland
  - - - DPP v Logdon
        
        doesn't have to be any real threat for an assault
      - R v Lamb
        
        no assault as V didn't have apprehend unlawful force
  - - - R v Thomas
        
        V barely aware of being inappropriately touched but considered a battery
  - - - WORDS ARE SUFFICIENT
        
        R v Ireland
        
        silent phone calls can amount to an assault
        
        R v Burstow
        
        silent phone calls can amount to an assault
        
        R v Constanza
      - WORDS MAY NEGATE ASSAULT
        
        Tuberville v Savage
- - - - 'Cunningham Recklessness'
      - have to be aware of risk that V may apprehend immediate unlawful force