Chapter 18: Classification and Systematics

Taxonomic Studies

The Major Lines of Evolution

Cladistics

Other types of Classification Systems

Levels of Taxonomic Categories

Cladograms and Taxonomic Categories

Understanding Cladograms

Classification Systems of Fossils

Artificial Systems of Classification

Genera

Species

common ancestor

closely related

closely related species

Binomial system of nomenclature

image

cladograms

evolutionary patterns #

node

cladogram branch

clade

eudicots

basal angiosperms

angiosperms image

several clades

artificial classification systems

several key characters observed

groupings

formed genera

image

type specimen

single preserved plant

isotypes #

extremely similar plants

sent to many herbia

prevents plant disasters from occuring

kingdom Plantae image

grade classification

lipanthes orchid

old classification of protista

opposed to clade

clade of true plants

algae

diversified 400 million years later #