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Oncology - Head Neck and throat Cancers (*Esophageal CA (dropped image…
Oncology - Head Neck and throat Cancers
*Esophageal CA
Normal Esophagus Histo
VERY organized stratified sqamous cells
*Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
from Barret's esophagus and chronic GERD
lower 1/3
Adeno = America / SCC = Backs and non-Western
Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease (*GERD)
Silent GERD
presents with nocturnal cough and throat hoarseness
Causes/Risk Factors
overweight
stress
age --> usually > 40 yrs old
can also get during pregnancy
alcohol
medications (tetracyclines, etc.)
Signs & Symptoms
heartburn = "burning" chest pain
dysphagia
Pathophysiology
increased gastric pressure
gastric acid moves past LES (lower esophageal sphincter)
stratified squamous cells damaged --> basal layer hyperplasia
repair --> fibrosis --> stricture
Chronic
Barrett's Esophagus
10% of chronic GERD
metaplasia: stratified squamous
--> glandular (gastric) + Globlet Cells
IRREVERSIBLE
Diagnosis
endoscopy --> visible coolumnar lining above EG junction
biopsy --> metaplasia
Acute
Esophagitis
*Esophageal SCC
from SMOKING and DRINKING
top 2/3 of esophagus
--> SMOKE RISES
Adenocarcinoma of esophagus = America / SCC = Backs and non-Western
histology you still see Squamous cells at the top,
