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Word Formation (Clipping (The element of reduction to produce a new word…
Word Formation
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Borrowing
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eg. piano (Italian), jewel (French), tycoon (Japanese), sofa (Arabic)
Calque/Loan-translation
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eg. English superman from the German Übermensch Chinese nanpengyou (male friend) from the English boyfriend
Compounding
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eg. bookcase, doorknob, fingerprint, sunburn, textbook, wallpaper
The combination of part of two separate word forms (typically the beginning of one word and the end of another) to produce a single form
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Conversion
A change in the function of a word, eg. when a noun becomes used as verb without reduction
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Coinage
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eg. to Google, zipper, kleenex
Eponym
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eg. Teddy bear from Teddy Roosevelt Sandwich from the 4th Earl of Sandwich, John Montagu
Acronyms
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eg. CD (compact disk), NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), ATM (automatic teller machine)
Derivation
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eg. un- in unhappy, -less in careless
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