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Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA) (Ischemic: 75-85% of CVA's fall into…
Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA)
Ischemic: 75-85% of CVA's fall into this category. They occur due to a blockage in the blood vessel that then prevents the movement of oxygenated blood to the latter vessels and tissues, causing a brain injury.
Thrombotic: Blockage inside the vessel that supplies the brain tissue. Commonly in the internal corrotid artery.
Thrombotic (Regular)
TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack): A TIA is a temporary loss of blood flow to a part of a brain. The symptoms of a TIA and Stroke are very similar, but TIA’s do not cause permanent damage to the brain, or disability. TIA’s will usually go away within 24 hours.
Lacunar: Occurs within the smaller vessels of the brain. Most commonly caused by hypertension. This causes a strain on the vessel walls, resulting in them coming thicker thus ristricting the blood flow through the vessel and impacting the tissue it is feeding.
Embolic: This involves fragments that break from a thrombus outside the brain. Commonly from the heart.
Risk Factors
Smoking
Diabetes
Hypertension
Atrial fibrillation
Myocardial Infarction
Atherosclerosis
Haemorrhagic
A haemorrhagic stroke occurs when there is a rupture within a vessel in the brain. Causing blood to leak out into the surrounding area within the skull. This begins when a vessel starts to “balloon out” causing an aneurysm. If not treated, aneurysms can rupture, causing the blood to leak out into the surrounding area. The latter vessels and tissues then become deprived of oxygenated blood, causing brain injury. While the build up of pressure caused by the blood leaking into the surrounding space can cause further injury.
What is it?
A stroke (or CVA) is a loss of blood supply to the brain and its tissues. A stroke can occur in one of two ways. There can be a stoppage of blood flow (Ischemic Stroke), or a rupture of a vessel within the brain can occur (Hemorrhagic Stroke). When this occurs, the brain cells start to malfunction as a result of a lack of oxygen and glucose. The severity of a stroke is dependent on the location of the damage, and the amount of brain tissue that is damaged. Majority of brain injury is irreversible.
Risk Factors of a Stroke
Modifiable
Diet
Lifestyle
Smoking
Medications
Obesity
Non-Modafiable
Māori
Age
Family History
Diabetes
Heart Disease