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chapter 8 structure of woody plants (growth rings (diffuse porous (ring…
chapter 8 structure of woody plants
primary tissues
secondary tissues
bark
contain conducting tissues, their accumulation gives plants a greater capacity to move water and minerals upward and carbohydrates downward
vascular cambium
fascicular cambium
interfascicular cambium
connects on each side with the fascicular cambia
storied cambium
nonstoried cambium
irregularly, without any horizontal pattern
fusiform initials may occur in regular horizontal rows
in a woody species, the cells located in this position never undergo cell cycle arrest; they continue to divide instead of maturing.
fusiform initials
ray initials
ray tracheids
horizontal, rectangular cells that look somewhat like parenchyma cells but have secondary walls, circular bordered pits, and protoplasts that degenerate quickly after the secondary wall is completed
periclinal wall
when a fusiform initial undergoes longitudinal cell division with a wall parallel to the circumference of the cambium, it produces two elongate cells
anticlinal walls
vascular cambium cells must occasionally divide longitudinally
secondary xylem
wood
axial system
radial system
develops form the ray initials
the arrangement of secondary xylem cells reflects that of the fusiform and ray initials
derived from the fusiform initials
softwoods
though in many instances they are actually much harder than many hardwoods
hardwoods
wood of all basal angiosperms and eudicots, even those that lack fibers, making them strong, tough, and useful for construction
heartwood
sapwood
reaction wood
all cells formed to the interior of the vascular cambium
one of the meristems that produce the secondary plant body
growth rings
early wood
late wood
wood that is formed late in a tree's growing season and which forms the darker part of the annual ring of growth
annual ring
diffuse porous
ring porous
having vessels more numerous and usually larger in cross section in the springwood with a resulting more or less distinct line between the springwood and the last season's wood
having vessels more or less evenly distributed throughout an annual ring and not varying greatly in size
secondary phloem
cork cambium
cork cell (phellem cell)
phellogen
defined as the meristematic cell layer responsible for the development of the periderm, Cells that grow inwards,
phelloderm
periderm
teh corky outer layer of a plant stem formed in secondary thickening or as infection
made up o fcells prodced inwardly by the cork cambium, in woody plants the epidermis is eventually replaced by a tougher, protective layer called bark
outer bark
inner bark
tissue in the stem of a plant that gives rise to cork on it s outer surface and containing chlorophyll on its inner surface