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Chapter 22 (progymnosperms (extinct) (evolution of seeds (integument =…
Chapter 22
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conifers
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never vines, herbs, or annuals
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Seed ferns
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wood was manoxylic, much softer and less dense than conifers
leaves were similar to true ferns, large, compound, and planar
cycads
short plants, trunk covered with bark, inside is similar to seed ferns #
foliage leaves do not bear ovules, produce seed and pollen cones
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cycadeoids
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ovules have a stalk, between them were thick fleshy scales
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