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The Cell Cycle (Mitosis (Takes place in two stages: Karyokinesis &…
The Cell Cycle
Mitosis
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Mitosis/karyokinesis includes 4 stages. Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Mitosis ensures the organism grows and that worn out and damaged calls are repaired and replaced. Mitosis results in asexual reproduction in some simple animals and plants (amoebae, bacteria)
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Prophase
Chromatin Network condenses, becomes shorter and thicker and visible as chromosomes (double stranded cus it was replicated during interphase) (diagram pg 3.28)
Each chromosome consists of two legs called chromatids joined together by a centromere. Nucleolus and nuclear membrane dissapears.
Centrioles move to opposite poles and they produce spindle fibers protoplasmic threads between them to form the spindle. (diagram 3.28)
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Anaphase
Centromere of each chromosome divides into two, the two chromatids separate from each other and move to the poles
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Telophase
Spindle fibres disappear. Nuclear membrane forms around each group of daughter chromosomes & a nucleolus forms in each nucleus
Karokinesis is now complete, cytokinesis occurs (cytoplasm divides). In animal cells invagination occurs and in plant cells a cell plate or transverse wall forms both at the equator. Two identical daughter cells are formed. Plants don't have centrioles/centrosomes
Interphase
The period between two consecutive cell divisions. Chromosomes are visible as the chromatin network. Cell growth and DNA replication occurs during this phase. learn diagram pg3.27