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cropping-irrigation (zero budget natural farming(ZBNF) (meaning (chemical…

- - - - issues with them
        
        high cost of external inputs
        
        indebtedness and suicide
        
        impact env, long term fertility of soil
        
        eater's health
    - - around 70% agri households spend more than they earn
      - 50% farmers under debt
  - - - treat seeds
    - - mixture of fresh desi cow dung and aged desi cow urine - only one cow needed for about 30 acres
      - adds nutrients to soil, acts as catalytic agent to promote activity of microorganisms and earthworms in soil
  - - - minimal watering
      - intercropping
      - soil aeration
      - topsoil mulching
    - - intensive irrigation
      - vermicomposting
        
        red wiggler absorb toxic metals and poison groundwater and soil
      - deep ploughing
- - - - palm - indonesia and malasia
      - soyabean - argentina brazil
  - - - tree ideal growth location - within 8 degree N/S of equator
      - needs regular irrigation throughout the year
      - wait of 4 years for trees to obtain yield
      - challenging for small farmers to grow
  - - - CSS(sponsored) of MoAFW
  - - - use as fuel oil - soyabean as renewable
      - la nina
    - - decrease import duty - upto 60% currently
      - increase domectic prodn
- - - - dismal implementation of act
        
        mandatory medical facility in tea gardens overlooked
        
        mandatory housing not provided, bad infra- kutcha homes, electricity issues, water and sanitation
      - no access to education to workers' children owing to condition of govt schools, long distance of high schools though PLA requires plantation owners to provide transport.
      - denial of rations from PDS for not possessing ration cards
      - govt's refusal to address the issue/ lack of political will
    - - existence of plantation labour act, 1951 - gives social and economic rights to workers
    - - respiratory and digestive diseases becoming common
      - poverty, hunger and malnutrition
      - every 2nd child under 5 is stunned
      - starvation deaths becoming common
    - - both central and state govt's coordinated involvement required
- - - - by fertilisers and pesticides
      - of soil, rivers, groundwater etc
- - - - issues
        
        regional disparity - eg: punjab vs NE
        
        dependence on farm manure
        
        ideal N:P:K - 4:2:1 but real 6.7 : 2.4 : 1.6
        
        overuse
        
        eutrophication
        
        diseases -eg: blue baby syndrome
        
        tilting of plants
      - solutions
        
        nutrient based subsidy for non urea fertilizers
        
        neam coating of urea
        
        urea cant be used for other purpose
        
        better uptake by crop
        
        bio-fertilizers like rhizobium
        
        DBT based fertilizer subsidy