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Shock (Types of Shock (Anaphylatic Shock, Cardiogenic Shock, Circulatory…
Shock
Types of Shock
Anaphylatic Shock
Cardiogenic Shock
Circulatory Shock
Distributive Shock
Hypovolemic Shock
Neurogenic Shock
Obstructive Shock
Poikilothermia
Septic Shock
Treatment options
Cardiogenic Shock
Intraaortic Balloon Pump: increase myocardial oxygen perfusion, and reduces the afterload. Therefore increasing cardiac output.
Inotropic Agents: to treat dysrhythmias by increasing the myocardial contractility.
Vasodialators: relax the vascular smooth muscle, increasing the cardiac output.
Hypovolemic Shock
Rapid Fluid Replacement: Increases the total circulating volume and BP.
Obstructive Shock
Surgical Repair: The removal of the obstruction or surgical repair of the damaged vessel restores blood flow.
Thrombolytics: Breaks down the obstruction to allow blood flow to return.
Neurogenic Shock
Restricting Glucose for Sepsis Patients: Hyperglycemia is common in patients that have sepsis, so retraction to prevent DKA is important.
Fluid Resuscitation: Increases blood pressure by increasing the fluid intake of the patient.
Vasopressors: Induce vasoconstriction to increase blood pressure.
Anaphylactic Shock
Adrenaline: The use of adrenaline relaxes the muscles around the airway and lungs. It also inhibits the further release of allergic chemicals, preventing the reaction from furthering.
Categories of Shock
Cardiogenic Shock: Usually occurring following a heart attack, cardiogenic shock occurs when the heart is no longer able to pump enough blood to meet the needs of the body.
Obstructive Shock: Occurring when there is a physical obstruction of the heart of the great vessels. Eg. Pulmonary embolism.
Distributive Shock: Caused by abnormal blood flow to the smaller blood vessels, meaning that there is inadequate blood supply to the surrounding tissues.
Neurogenic Shock: occurs following damage to the central nervous system. Eg. spinal cord injury, or TBI.
Poikilothermia: The inability to regulate body temperature.
Anaphylactic Shock: A severe, abnormal immune response to a stimulus that is unique to each individual. Eg. Bees, or Nuts.
Septic Shock: caused by sepsis leading to low blood pressure, and abnormalities within the cellular metabolism.
Hypovolemic Shock: Occurs when there is a sudden and significant loss of blood or body fluids.
Stages of Shock
Stage I: Compensated/ Non-progressive
Signs and Symptoms
Agitation, Restlessness, Tachycardia, Tachypnea, Cold & Clammy Skin, Cyanosis around the lips, Nausea and/or Vomiting, Thirst, Weak & Thready Pulse
Stage II: Decompensated/ Progressive
Signs and Symptoms
Hypotension (90 Systolic or lower in adults), Tachycardia & Tachypnea, Low urine output, Irregular and/or laboured breathing, Ashy or cyanotic pallor, reduced body temp, decreased mental status.
Stage III: Irreversible Decompensated Shock
Signs and symptoms
Hypoxaemia, Hypotension, Multi Organ Failure, and ultimately; Patient Death
What is it?
Shock often accompanies a severe injury or illness. Shock is a medical emergency, that has symptoms that worsen rapidly. Shock can lead to other conditions such as; hypoxia, cardiac arrest, or organ damage