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Chapter 21 (Euphyllophytes (megaphylls (telome theory (telomes= ultimate…
Chapter 21
Euphyllophytes
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megaphylls
leaves that evolved from branch systems and is present in all seed plants, ferns, and equisetophytes
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equisetophytes (horsetail, scouring rushes) 
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monopodial growth = main trunk, lateral branches, true leaves, and true roots
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Ferns
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all are perennial and herbaceous, none woody, size of small trees
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early vascular plants
rhyniophytes
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epidermis with a cuticle, cortex of parenchyma, simple bundle of xylem composed of tracheids with annular secondary walls
swollen branches, large sporogenous tissue, no separate microspores or megaspores
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zosterophyllophytes
small herbs without secondary growth, similar to rhyniophytes
3 differences: sporangia were lateral, sporangia opened transversely along top edge, and xylem was an exarch protostele
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