phonemic retention

Geographical names

personal name

In most cases, they are kept exotic flavor

while their pronunciation was kept as close as the ST ECR, they are given Chinese characteristics by purposeful selection of words

学者型

Pope:蒲伯

while their pronunciation was kept as close as the ST ECR, they are given Chinese characteristics by purposeful selection of words

Tyburn 泰堡

女性名字

Xanthippe 赞蒂璧

常用性别

James 詹姆斯

direct translation

the title of a book

occupation

'stringent literal translation' with obligatory shifts

most cases

interesting word selection

Colloquia
《谈荟》

serjeant-surgeon
首席御医

specification

the figure is too small and too scattering, could not say a pattern

in most cases, it is used together with phonemic retention, serving as an 'explanatory function'.

brandy 白兰地酒 Helicon 赫立孔山

specification

the figure is too small to make sense

omission

why so little omission ?

why so many official equivalents?

the official compilation of translation dictionary

previous translation from English novels