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Infectious Diseases - Protozoa and other rare infections (*Protozoa…
Infectious Diseases - Protozoa and other rare infections
*Protozoa
*GI Parasite Infections - Protozoa
most are in contaminated water
Giardia = campers with foul smelling dirrhea
--> think of Douglas GIRARD and LUKE camping
--> smelly farts
Entamoeba = liver abscesses
--> Entamoeba EATS ENTEROcytes
Cryptosporidium = SEVERE diarrhea in AIDS
--> mild watery diarrhea ONLY in normal people
*Cryptosporidium
"CRYPT KEEPER"
for
HIV
patients
protozoa that lives in contaminated water
cause non-inflammatory watery dirrhea
usually self limiting in healthy people
AIDS definging illness that is life threatening for AIDS HIV patients
--> excessive water loss and dehydration is life threatening
Cryptosporidium - small cysts on the brush border of GI
they are hard to find and diagnose
appear as very small cysts on the brush border of GI
*Giardia
protozoa that lives in contaminated water
Giarda is the most common parasite in Canada and US
--> thus most common infection in hikers and campers in Canada and US from drinking uncontaminated water without boiling it
cause non-inflammatory watery, FOUL SMELLING diarrhea FARTING
--> this is KEY
"DOUG GERARD"
and Luke likes to go
CAMPING
and drink the
WATER
--> get
FOUL SMELLING
poop and
FART
alot
Clinical Cases
Clinical Case
Clinical Case
Notes
:
note that
Secretory IgA = major defense against Giardia
note that it is NOT eosinophils (like most other parasite) that defend against Giardia
Giardia adheres to the jejunum and duodenum and secretes toxins that increase watery diarrhea
secretory IgA is the main defense against Giardia
--> thus patients with IgA deficiencies can get Giardia easier
2 separate forms of Giardia
pathological form = classic pear shape with owls eyes with flagella
infective form = round cyst form
pathological form of Giardia
pathological form = classic pear shape with owls eyes with flagella
infective form of Giardia
infective form = round cyst form
*Entamoeba Histolytica
Entamoeba Histolytica is high in MSM = men sex with MEN
"Entamoeba Histolytica is the ENT of MEN sex with MEN carried through HISTOLITICA by the gay community"
ENTAMEBA men sex with men bloody diarrhea liver abscesses
*CNS parasite Infections - Protozoa
most are in contaminated water
toxoplasmosis
= TOXIC PHECES
cat feces
passed from cat to mother, mother to child
Mother feeds it to her children in
"CHEERIOS in WATER and MILK"
--> CHEERIOS = chorionoretinitis / ring enhancing lesions on MRI
--> WATER = hydrocephalus
--> MILK = calcified lesions in brain
PAM/PAE = Primary Amebic Encephalitits / Meningitis
infection from the protozoa = Naegleria Fowleri
Nalgene water bottle = Naegleria
Fresh water fowl lake swimming = Fowleri
--> Naegleria fowleri
get it from swimming in freshwater all around the world
mot people get no infection but a few get a rapid progressive meningitis / encephalitis that is usually fatal
*Toxoplasmosis
cat feces and raw pork or goat
note that this is the reason why pregnant woman shouldn't eat raw meat at all
Toxoplasmsosis Encephalitis in HIV patients
CALCIFIED RINGS
= calcium milk rings = Cheerios for grandmas cat
--> note they must be multiple rings
--> since Aspergillis forms abscesses (which would appear as a single ring)
triad of toxoplasmosis
mother after touching the cat is feeding her children
"CHEERIO Rings mixed with WATER and MILK for the rings"
-->
CHEERIO Rings
= chorion retinitis
-->
WATER
= hydrocephalus
-->
MILK RINGS
= calcified rings on BRAIN MRI
Tx = pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine
--> here are 2 cats who eat the calcium milk rings = combo Tx for toxoplasmosis
--> little
PYRI
and
SULFI
Clinical Cases
Clinical Case
Clinical Case
Notes
:
note that
*Blood / hematological parasite Infections - Protozoa
most are in contaminated water
Babesia
= BABIES TICKS PHECES
fever and hemolytic anemia
North Eastern US
Malaria
= three different types of cycles of fevers that are on / off
48 hour cycle
--> 1st and 3rd day fever
72 hour cycle
--> 1st and 4th day fever
*Malaria = Plasmodium parasite
endemic to Africa and other areas
4 main types of Plasmodium
--> Plasmodium falciparum
Histology of malaraia plasmodium falciparum/others
intracellular in RBCs and Hepatocytes
note the cycling between growing and bursting of the cells is what gives the on and off fever days
first you initially get hepatosplenomegaly with a huge burst of viruses into the circulation
then they start to infect the RBCs
*Other types of Parasite Infections - Protozoa
Eating = EATT
Cutaneous skin = Ankle SANd at the equator
Insect Bites = lay LOW = Loa Loa
*Chagas Disease = Trypanosoma Cruzi
CRUZin in my MEGA BENZ with my FUR coat
-->
"MEGA"
= megacolon or megapharyngitis
Acalaisa
is a serious condition that affects your esophagus. The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is a muscular ring that closes off the esophagus from the stomach. If you have achalasia, your LES fails to open up during swallowing, which it's supposed to do. This leads to a backup of food within your esophagus.
*Kissing bug
Triatoma species
found in Brazil and South America mostly
*Home
*Worms
tapeworms
round worms
end in -Atodese
ectoparasites = lice and scabies
*Termatodese = FLUKES = Schistomas and Clonorchis
undercooked fish
snails
*round worms = Nematodese
round worms
includes SANd equator and ankle worm parasites
*Strongyloides Stercoralis = threadworm
"STRONG swimmer worms"
= able to get in through the skin
--> swim all the way to the alveoli of the lungs
--> go up through the lungs and get swallowed
--> STRONG enough to survive the stomach acids
--> go into the intestine and lay eggs
--> are in poop and re infect through the anus
*Hook worms = Ankylostoma and Necator
"hookworms = sAND ANKLES at EQUATOR"
= Ankylostoma Duodenum and Necator Americanus are hook worms
PathoPhys
get the hookworm in barefeet
travels hematologically to your lungs
bursts through alveoli
you cough it up into your GI
larvae then grows into adult in your GI
lines the wall of enterocytes and feeds on your blood
--> causes Iron deficient anemia = microcytic anemia
*pinworms = Enterobius vermicularis
migrate out of the anus at night to deposit eggs on the surrounding perianal folds
Pinworm eggs are best detected by examining a piece of scotch tape applied to the perianal region shortly after awakening.
Dx with scotch tape test
*Scotch tape test
the worms are visible to naked eye, but hard to find
the eggs on scotch tape you can't see
ectoparasites = lice and scabies
*TAPE WORMS
Ecchinoccocus
--> cause "egg shell cysts" in the LIVER
--> bursting these cysts can cause anaphylactic shock
*Ecchinoccocus Granulosis
Ecchinoccocus Granulosis
--> cause "egg shell cysts" in the LIVER
--> bursting these cysts can cause anaphylactic shock
