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Biological Molecules (Proteins proteins (Carry out tests for reducing…
Biological Molecules
Lipids (fats) 
Carry out tests for reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars, the iodine in potassium iodide solution test for starch, the emulsion test for lipids and the biuret test for proteins to identify the contents of solutions
Describe the structure of a phospholipid and relate the structure of phospholipids to their functions in living organisms
Proteins
Carry out tests for reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars, the iodine in potassium iodide solution test for starch, the emulsion test for lipids and the biuret test for proteins to identify the contents of solutions
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Explain the meaning of the terms primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure and quaternary structure of proteins and describe the types of bonding (hydrogen, ionic, disulfide and hydrophobic interactions) that hold these molecules in shape
Carbohydrates
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Carry out tests or reducing sugars and non-reducing sugars, the iodine in potassium iodide solution test for starch, the emulsion test for lipids and the biuret test for proteins to identify the contents of solutions
Nucleic acids
Describe
Structure of nucleotides, including the phosphorylated nucleotide ATP (structural formulae are not required).
Structure of RNA and DNA
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different hydrogen bonding between bases (include a reference to adenine and guanine as purines and to cytosine, thymine, and uracil as pyrimidines.
Structural formulae for bases are not required but the recognition that purines have a double ring structure and pyrimidines have a single ring structure should be included)
Enzymes
Explain
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Mode of action of enzymes in terms of an active site, enzyme/substrate complex, lowering of activation energy and enzyme specificity (the lock and key hypothesis and the induced fit hypothesis should be included)
Reversible inhibitors, both competitive and non-competitive, on the rate of enzyme activity
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Biochemical tests
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