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Social & Behavioral (Integrity from me (keep your agreement, integrity…

- - - - Sigmund Freud - humans are born with two opposing biological instincts that evolved to enable adaptation
        
        A life instinct (Eros) - grow & survive
        
        Death instinct (Thanatos) - works towards the individuals self-destruction
    - - implies control, frustration tolerance, and activity level
    - - dysfunctional regulation of the brian chemical serotonin
      - specific genes and chemical reactions in the brain linked to violent behavior
  - - - Actions are contingent on consequences
      - learn through experiences and observing significant others
    - - way an individual attends to, perceives, interprets, remembers, and acts on events or situations
      - Impulsivity and frustration
  - - - Harsh parental discipline
      - family life stressors
      - lack of cognitive stimulation
  - - - 1 - 6 grades are influential in increasing or reducing aggressive behavior
      - bullying, peer pressure
    - - external pressure - fear of consequences - punishment, criticism, opinion
      - Internal pressure - guilt, shame, moral development level
- - - - direct reinforcement - reward
      - vicarious reinforcement - observing someone else engaging in the act and getting reinforced for it
      - social reinforcement - praise
  - - - moralizing, prohibition with explanation, withdrawal of love, neutral, prohibition without explanation, physical restraint, physical punishment
    - - warm, nurturing affectionate relationship between child and parent seem to contribute to the development of prosocial tendencies
      - Control - setting of certain standards and rules by parents and their insistence on adherence to them when deemed necessary
- - - - Heteronomous morality
      - Individual, instrumental purpose, and exchange
      - Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and interpersonal conformity
      - Social system and conscience
      - social contact or utility and individual rights
      - Universal ethical principles
    - - Moral Reasoning and moral behavior
      - Interviewing Technique
      - Cultural Bias
      - Gender Bias
        
        Justice moral perspective - emphasizes the rights of the individual; when individual rights conflict, equitable rules of justice must prevail
        
        Care moral perspective - views people in terms of their connectedness with others; others' welfare is intrinsically connected to one's own
- - - - how one comes to feel like a male or female
      - Oedious complex - boy identifies with father due to love for mother, fearful of father who loves mother
      - Electra complex - girl identifies with mother due to love for father, fearful of mother who loves father
    - - how one comes to behave as a male or female
      - reinforced for modeling mother or fathers behavior
    - - how one comes to reason about oneself as a male or female
      - understands from observation
    - - how one comes to process information about oneself as a male or female by perceiving and interpreting gender-linked information