Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Community Ecology (Metapopulations in Patchy Environments (Sink Habitat…
Community Ecology
Metapopulations in Patchy Environments
Sink Habitat
Low quality patch
Fugitive Species
A species that survives by colonizing new patches, flourishing briefly, and then colonizes more patches.
Source habitat
High quality patch
Metapopulation
Several local populations interconnected by migration and gene flow.
Assisted Dispersal
Animals are captured in one area and released into the new area.
Predator-Prey Interactions
One Predator, One Prey
Zero growth isocline
Indicates population stability
Paradox of enrichment
When the predator-prey interaction becomes unstable, improving the conditions for the prey which in turn may lead predators to overexploit the prey.
Maximum sustained yield
Theory of harvesting just enough of a species to keep the population density stable
Prey-dependent
Predators' functional response is dependent on prey density
Fixed effect harvesting
Population health is determined by the amount of harvested species that can be harvested with a particular amount of effort
Functional Response
Feeding rate and handling time
One species of prey is attacked by one species of predator
Fixed quota harvesting
The particular amount fishermen and hunters are to harvest.
Predator Selection Among Multiple Prey
Optimal foraging theory
Examination of the interaction between factors that cause herbivores to eat some plants and avoid others.
Optimal diet model
Makes 4 predictions
If the high-yield prey become sufficiently scarce, then the predator would be more successful by broadening its diet to include prey that are lower in energy if they are abundant and easy to handle.
Some prey items will always be when encountered, others will never be eaten.
Predators should prefer whichever prey yields the most energy per unit of handling time.
The probability that a particular plant will be eaten deals partially with abundance.
Competition Between Species
Interference competition
Invasive
Exploitation competition
Resource
Apparent Competiton
No actual competition occuring
Beneficial Interactions Between Species
#
Mutualism
The interaction between two species that benefits them both.
Facilitation
One organism helps another without receiving any benefit.
Nurse Plants
Plants that alter the environment in a way that enhances the survival and reproduction of a second.
Primary Succession
Organisms become established on newly created substrates
Interconnectedness of Species: Food Chains and Food Webs
Food Web
Shows a network of numerous interrelations with several paths of consumption.
Energy Flow Web
Shows which organism at a given trophic level consumes the most energy.
Food Chain
Direct line of consumption, (Producer Primary to Predator)
Keystone Species
A species that when removed has a large impact on the community it inhabits.
Diversity
Diversity and Scale
Species-Area Relationship
The relationship between area and species richness
Species Abundance Distribution
Plot showing number of species in each abundance class
Scale
Larger areas are more diverse than smaller areas
Earth as a community vs. the United States as a community
Diversity and Latitude
More species near the equator
Tropical regions provide less harsh environments than higher latitudes
The further north the fewer species
Tropical regions also have higher rainfall
