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Data-Centered(Chapter 6) (Overview (The shared data module provides…

- - - - Its clients taking control of flow logic.
      - Client may access the repository
        
        Interactively
        
        Batch transaction
    - - CASE tool
      - Compiler construction
        
        The data in memory are share by all agents and agents dose not pass on data to each other directly
      - Student record DB
        
        It describes the static relationships between data classes and their backup database tables. It describes the static relationships between data classes and their collection classes. A programming oriented view of the repository design architecture
    - - Virtual repository
        
        Built up on the top of multiple physical repositories
        
        Most DB allows users to create views that are virtual repositories since they do not exist physically.
      - Benefits
        
        Simplify the overall complexity of overall database structure
        
        Security management in terms of scope of data of manipulation for different users
      - Distributed repository system (distributed database system)
        
        All data are distributed over all sites linked by network
        
        Data are replicated in order to
        
        Improve reliability and local accessibility
      - Other issues - concerns
        
        Vertical or horizontal partitions
        
        Synchronization of duplicated data
        
        Cost of data transmission
        
        Collaboration (two-phase transaction commitment)
    - - Application Domain
        
        Suitable for large complex information system
        
        Data transactions drive the control flow
      - Benefits
        
        Data integrity:
        
        easy to backup and restore,
        
        System scalability and Reusability of agents:
        
        Reduce the overhead of transient data between software components
      - Cons
        
        Data store reliability and availability
        
        High dependency between data structure of data store
        
        Overhead cost of moving data on network
  - - - Blackboard system:
        
        A common knowledge base, the "blackboard", is iteratively updated by a diverse knowledge sources,
        
        starting with a problem specification and ending with a solution.
      - 1st Blackboard arch. developed in 1970’s
        
        mainly used for
        
        Speech recognition
        
        Weather forecast
      - Motivated by classroom teaching
        
        Blackboard
        
        Teacher and students (agents) solve problems together
        
        Agents can work collaboratively or independently
    - - Blackboard: variation of data-centric
      - Consists of three partitions
        
        Blackboard:
        Used to store data (Hypothesis and fact)
        
        Knowledge Source:
        stores domain specific knowledge
        
        controller
        initiating the blackboard and knowledge sources
      - How does it work?
        
        Data driven – a change in the data stored in Blackboard triggers one or more knowledge source  might lead to more changes
    - - Cons
        
        Tight dependency between the blackboard and knowledge source
        
        Synchronization of multiple agents is an issue
        
        Debugging and testing of the system is a challenge.
      - Pros
        
        Scalability: easy to add new knowledge source
        
        Concurrency: all knowledge sources can work in parallel
        
        Reusability of knowledge source agents
      - Application Domain
        
        Suitable for solving immature and complex AI problems
        
        The problem spans multiple disciplines, each of which has complete different knowledge expertise
        
        Optimal, partial, or approximate solution is acceptable
        
        Exhausted searching is impossible.
    - - Travel Reservation
        
        Travel Consulting System
        
        Process
        
        A client submits a request
        
        The system stores all the data in the blackboard
        
        The blackboard makes a request to the air agent
        
        Once air reservation data is returned and stored in blackboard, the change triggers hotel, auto rental, attraction agents for a travel plans under budge and time
        
        Client chooses one of the plan
        
        The system triggers the billing process
        
        Two major approaches
      - Setting
        
        Here is a set of rules:
        
        Here is a set of rules:
        
        R1: IF animal gives milk THEN animal is mammal
        
        R2: IF animal eats meat THEN animal is carnivore
        
        R3: IF animal is mammal AND animal is carnivore AND animal has tawny color AND animal has black stripes THEN animal is tiger
        
        The set of facts is
        
        F1: animal eats meat
        
        F2: animal gives milk
        
        F3: animal has black strips
        
        F4: animal has tawny color
        
        GOAL: Which animal it is?
      - KBS
        
        KBS: Knowledge Based System
        
        Knowledge: represented as production rule
        
        Condition
        
        Action