B.F.Skinner's (1904-1990) rejected Hull's idea that primary drive reduction is the only way to get children to learn. According to Skinner, a child's behavior can be increased by following it with a wide variety of reinforces besides food and drink, such as praise, a friendly smile, a new toy.
A behavior can also be decreased through punishment such as withdrawal of privileges, parental disapproval, or being sent to one's room. As a result of Skinner's work, operant conditioning.