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CH 32- Chronic Disorders of the Lower Respiratory Tract (Emphysema…
CH 32- Chronic Disorders of the Lower Respiratory Tract
Lungs
Adventitious lung sounds
rales, crackles, wheezing, stridor
signs of fluid in lungs
Crackles is sign of fluid overload
Tools needed
stethoscope, hands, eyes, ears, SPO2, watch, nose, penlight, scale, pen/paper, thermometer, gloves/mask
Sepsis
BP decreases, pulse increases
P
ositive
E
nd
E
xpiratory
P
ressure
Asthma
reversible obstructive airway disorder
Acute
obstruction causes air to be trapped in alveoli
30-60 min after exposure to trigger
Late phase: 4-8 hrs after early response
Complications
Can lead to right-sided heart failure, pneumothorax, worsening hypoxemia, and respiratory or cardiac arrest
Management
Skin testing
Desensitizing
Injection
Tx
Bronchodilators
Antiinflammatory drugs
Antihistamines (Benadryl)
Bronchitis
increased production of mucus and chronic cough that persist for at least 3 months of the year for 2 consecutive years and by impaired ciliary action
Chronic
S/S
Productive cough, exertional dyspnea, wheezing
Emphysema
Degenerative, nonreversible
enlargement of airways beyond terminal bronchioles
Centrilobular
associated w/ cigarette smoking
Panacinar
Affects the respiratory bronchioles and the alveoli
Increased anteroposterior diameter (barrel chest)
Dyspnea on exertion
Medical Tx
O2 therapy, 1-3 L/min
Bronchiectasis
Hemoptysis- blood in sputum
Abnormal dilation/distortion of bronchi/bronchioles
Cystic Fibrosis
Hereditary; dysfunction of exocrine glands and production of thick, tenacious mucus
Stools become bulky & foul smelling
Lose more salt in sweat than normal causing salt depletion