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Stages of Play PEDS (Birth to 6 Months (Cognitive
Repeats actions for…
Stages of Play PEDS
Birth to 6 Months
Cognitive
Repeats actions for pleasurable experience. Uses hands and mouth to explore objects. Bangs object on table. Searches with eyes for sound. Integrates information from multiple sensory systems
Regulatory Skills
Quiet when picked up. Shows pleasure when touched/handled. Relaxes, smiles and vocalizes when held. Cuddles. Listens to a voice. Uses hands and mouth for sensory exploration of objects.
Play Occupations
Exploration Play: Sensorimotor play predominates. Focused on attachment and bonding with parents
Social Play
Fine Motor/Manipulation
Follows a moving person with eyes. Develops accurate reach to object. Uses a variety of palmar grasping patterns. Secures object with hand and brings to mouth. Transfers objects hand to hand. Examines objects carefully with eyes. Plays with hands at midline.
Gross Motor/Mobility
Lifts head (3-4 months)
Raises Trunk when prone (4-6 months)
Kicks reciprocally when supine. Sits propping on hands. Plays (bounces) when standing with support with parents. Rolls from place to place.
Social
Coos then squeals. Smiles, laughs out loud. Expresses discomfort by crying. Communicates simple emotions through facial expressions.
Birth to 6-12 months
Regulatory/Sensory Organization
Enjoys being held up in the air and moving rapidly. Listens to speech without being distracted. Finger-feeds self (variety of textures). Cooperates with dressing
Fine Motor/Manipulation
Mouths toys. Uses accurate/direct reach for toys. Plays with toys at midline (transfers hand to hand). Bangs objects together to make sound. Waves toys in the air. Releases toys into container. Rolls ball to adult. grasps small objects in fingertips. Points to toys with index finger (uses index finger to explore toys). Uses tools crudely
Play Occupations
Exploration Play: Sensorimotor play evolves into functional play
Functional Play: Begins to use toys according to their functional purpose
Social Play: Attachment to parents and caregivers and play with parents and others
Gross Motor/Mobility
Sits independently. Rolls from place to place. Independently gets into sitting position. Pivots in sitting position. Stands, holding on for support. Plays in standing when leaning on support. Crawls on belly initially then all fours (10 months). Walks with hand held (12 months).
Cognitive
Responds to own name. Recognizes words and family members' names. Responds with appropriate gestures. Listens selectively. Imitates simple gestures. Looks at picture books. Begins to generalize from past experiences. Acts with intention on toys. Takes objects out of container.
Social
Shows special dependence on mother. May show stranger anxiety. Lifts arms to be picked up. Plays contently when parents are in room. Interacts briefly with other infants. Plays give and take. Responds playfully to mirror (laughs and makes faces)
Birth to 12-18 months
Social
Moves away from parent. Shares toys with parent. Responds to facial expressions of others.
Moves away from parent, shares toys with parent, responds to facial expressions of others.
Fine Motor Manipulation
Holds crayon and makes marks (scribbles). Holds 2 toys in hand and toys in both hands. Releases toys inside containers (even small ones). Stacks blocks and fits toys into form space. Attempts puzzles. Opens and shifts toy boxes or containers. Points to pictures with index fingers. Uses 2 hands in play (one to stabilize, one to manipulate)
Play Occupations
Recreational and Functional Play: Engages in simple pretend play directed towards self-pretend eating or sleeping. Links 2 or 3 schemas in simple combination. Demonstrates imitative play from an immediate model.
Gross Motor Play: Explores all spaces in the room. Rolls and crawls in play close to the ground.
Social Play: Begins peer interactions. Parallel play.
Regulatory/Sensory Organization
Enjoys messy activities. Reacts to extreme sensations such as cold, hot, wet, sweet.
Gross Motor/Mobility
Sits in small chair. Plays in standing. Walks well, squats. Climbs into adult chairs. Flings ball. Pulls toy when walking. Begins to run. Walks upstairs with one hand held. Pushes and pulls large toys or boxes on the floor.
Cognitive
Understands function of objects. Uses trial and error in problem solving. Understands how objects work. Symbolic play with real props. Imitates model. Acts on object using variety of schemas.
18-24 months
Play Occupations
Functional Play: multischema combinations. Performs multiple related actions.
Gross Motor Play: Enjoys sensory input of gross motor play.
Social Play: Participates in parallel play. Imitates parents and peers in play. Participates in groups of children. Begins to take turns. Watches other children.
Pretend/Symbolic Play: Makes inanimate objects perform actions (eg dolls dancing)
Pretends that objects are real or that they symbolize another object
Regulatory/Sensory Organization
Enjoys solitary play for a few minutes. Enjoys play. Enjoys rough and tumble play.
3-4 years
Fine Motor/Manipulation
Uses precision (tripod) grasps on pencil or crayon. Colors within lines. Copies simple shapes (begins to copy letters). Uses scissors to cut (cuts simple shapes). Constructs 3-D design. Manipulates objects in the hand.
Kindergarten 5-6 years
Fine Motor/Manipulation
Cuts with scissors. Prints name from copy. Copies triangle, traces diamond. Completes puzzles of up to 20 pieces. Traces letters (begins to copy letters). Manipulates tiny objects in fingertips without dropping.
Preschool 12-36 months
Play Occupations
Symbolic Play: Links multiple schema combinations into meaningful sequences of pretend play. Uses objects for multiple pretend ideas. uses toys to represent animals or people. Plays out drama with stuffed animals or imaginary friends.
Constructive Play: participates in drawing and puzzles. Imitates adults using toys.
Gross Motor Play: Likes jumping and rough and tumble play. Makes messes.
Social Play: Associative, parallel play predominates
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