Emotional and cognitive socialization outcomes
Values
10 commandments are an example of basic human values
Bill of rights
Attitudes and morals that affect our behaviors
Change overtime
Affected by societal perceptions
In U.S. we provide help to those with emotional, social, or financial problems.
Other countries value privacy and such help is not available
Affected by personal perceptions
Put value in peers rather than parents
Values clarification
What is worthwhile?
Making decisions
Attitudes
Prejudice is an attitude of prejudgement
Stereotype is a fixed set of beliefs about a group
Development of attitudes
Influences on attitude development
3 phases
Phase II-orientation toward specific culturally related words
Phase III-attitudes toward various cultural attitudes
Phase I-awareness of cultural differences
Social experiences provide children with a perspective in their macrosystem
Transgender is when gender expression doesn't conform
Gender identity is the internal sense of being male or female
Family
Parents attitudes shape their childrens attitudes
Modeling
Powerful and admirable
Instruction
Teachers
Reinforcement and punishment
Peers and mass media
Community
School
Traditions and customs
influence attitude formation
Changing attitudes about diversity
Increased positive intercultural contact
Various intercultural contact
Perceptual differentiation
Attitudes can be changed by giving children positive experinces dealing with diversity
Motives and attributions
People are motivated to achieve or compete
Intrinsic motivation
Extrinsic motivation
Within person
socially mediated
Locus of control
Perception of responsibility for success or failure
Learned helplessness
Achievement motivation
Also called mastery orientation
Influenced by parenting practices
Locus of control
attiribution of performance
Internal vs exernal locus of control
Internal means in control of their world
External attribute success or failure to things outside of their control
Another factor is age
Do better in school
Attribute success to good luck and failure to bad luck
Learned helplessness orienation
pawns of external circumstances
children who feel that they have no control-- infancy
Parents are non persistent
Need to praise ablities and emphasize lack of effort for failure
Self efficacy
master a situation and produce positive outcome
I can
I can't
Personal agency- actions have consequences
Experience is the most significant influence
Help, encourage, reinforce, provide instruction, provide positive models
Self esteem
value one places on one's identity
Described as high or low
Multidimensional
Scholastic, athletic, social competence, physical appearance, and behavioral conduct
Development of self-esteem
Significance, competence, virtue, power
Influences
Family
School
Warm, strict, democratic
Students with higher self esteem are more successful in school
Diversity
Peers
Can be mean
Body type has a role in self esteem
Appearance
Mass media
Give children ideas and attitudes about ideal body type and personality
Social networking allows for building relationships
Can attribute to lower self esteem too
Can foster self awareness
Community