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Genetics (replication of DNA (ligated (attached to each other, covalent…
Genetics
replication of DNA
during S phase
replicon
bubble bewteen strands
primer RNA
10 nucleotides long
DNA polymerase
DNA synthesizing enzyme
semi conservative replication
replication with template
replication fork
uncoiled DNA
ligated
attached to each other
covalent bonds
Mutations
mutation
any change in DNA
point mutation
smallest, least affecting
causes
mutagen
causes mutations
insertion sequences
splicing DNA
enzymes
transposon
long
carriesvary in severity
contains proteins
not related to transposition
Effects
vary
if two genes
maybe no effect
point mutations
small
exon
gene code for
nonfunctioning protein
somatic mutation
never sex cells
DNA repair process
neither
too efficient
too effective
Monohybrid Crosses
cross
sxual reproduction between two individuals
monohybrid crosses with incomplete dominance
monohybrid cross
single character
parental generation
offspring
f
flowers
F2
interbreeding
homozygous
two identical alleles
each parent
heterozygous
to different alleles for gene
incomplete dominance
neither parental trait dominates
complete dominance
dominant
more effective
recessive
less effective
Crossing heterozygotes with themselves
selfiing
plant self-pollinating
punnette square
understand cross
test crosses
complete dominance
both traits effective
heterozygous and test plant
figure out dominance
pure-bred lines
double recessive
multiple alleles
multiple allels
many genes of same type
concepts
science of inheritance
alleles
#
different forms of genes
genotypes
individual's alleles
phenotype
individual's expression of alleles
Dihybrid cross
genes on separeate chromosomes
independent assortmenet
independent movement of alleles
2 genes studied
simultaneously
crossing-over`
independent assortment when
two gnes far apart
on same alleles
Genes on same chromosome
linkage
genes linked
no independent assortment
recombinant chromosomes
crossing-over homologous
parental type chromosomes
first two
map unit
"space" between recombination
Other Aspects of Inheritance
Maternal INheritance
biparental inheritance
from bother parents
uniparental inheritance
from mother only
variegation
spots or sectors
plastid inheritance
color
Lethal Alleles
lethal
can kill
can affect respiration
difficult to detect
Multiple sets of chromosomes and gene families
#
polypoid
more than two sets of chromosomes
nondisjunction
change in chromosome number
paralogs
similar to wild type
Multiple Genes for One Characte
Trait Loci
quantitative
thousands of prgeny
figure out phenotype
