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Chapter 11:Emotional and Cognitive Socialization Outcomes (Control (locus…
Chapter 11:Emotional and Cognitive Socialization Outcomes
Values
qualities or beliefs that are viewed as desirable or important. They are outcomes of socialization and provide the framework in which we think, feel, and act.
An attitude
a tendency to respond positively or negatively to certain persons, objects, or situations
Attitudes are composed of beliefs, feelings, and action tendencies
the development of attitudes is influenced by age, cognitive development, and social experiences
The media, the community, and the school have the potential to change prejudicial & stereotypical attitudes towards diversity
Action
a motive causes a person to act
an attribution is an explanation of one's performance when one does act
Motivation
individuals are motivated to control the outcomes of their efforts.
this motivation is exhibited in the need to achieve, or be competent, called achievement motivation or mastery orientation
Control
locus of control relates to one's sense of personal responsibility
individuals who believe they are in control of their world have an internal locus of control
individuals who perceive that others or outside vents have more control over them than they have other themselves have an external locus of control
locus of control is related to age, gender, socioeconomic status, and performance attributes and outcomes
Self-efficacy
refers to the belief that one can master a situation and produce positive outcomes
It is a performance-based measure of perceived capability
It is related to achievement motivation, locus of control, & learned helplessness
Self-esteem
the value one places on one's self-concept, is derived from the reflected appraisal of others
specific dimensions of self-esteem in European American society include scholastic competence, physical appearance, athletic competence, social competence, and behavioral conduct, as well as global self-worth
diverse cultures differ in the emphasis put on these dimensions
Factors contributing to the development of self-esteem
the amount of respectful, accepting, and concerned treatment individuals receive from significant others
their history of successes and failures
their status among peers
their manner of responding to failure