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Emotional and Cognitive Social Outcomes (Self-esteem: value one places on…
Emotional and Cognitive Social Outcomes
Values
Ten commandments
Bill of Rights
Concept of Normality: Based on social norms.
Values Clarification: Process of discovering what is personally worthwhile or desireable in life.
Help individual understand themselves, values, and beliefs in making decisions
Attitudes:
Positive or Negative
Prejudice: Prejudgment
Stereotype: fixed attitude
Development of Attitudes
Phase I: Awarenes of cultural differences: 2 1/2 to 3.
Phase II: Orientation toward specific culturally related words and concepts, 4
Phase III: Attitudes toward various cultural groups, 7
INFLUENCES OF ATTITUDE DEVELOPMENT
Family: Modeling, Instruction, Reinforcement/punishment
Peers: Dress, dating, personal problems, sex
Mass Media: Television, books
Community: Diverse
School: Classroom organization. When homogenous and heterogenous children cooperate and have a common goal more positive attitudes.
Attitudes about Diversity
Prejudicial attitudes change by enabling children to have positive experiences with cultural minorities.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act 1990
Motives and Attributions
Motive: Need or emotion that causes a person to act. Motivated to act by the urge to be competent or achieve.
Achievement Motivation: to the learned motivation to achieve mastery of challenging tasks.
Intrinsic: Doing an activity for inherent satisfaction or enjoyment
Extrinsic: Doing an activity to attain some separable outcome (reward or punishment)
Locus of Control: how people attribute their performance, or where they place responsibility for successes or failure.
Internal: Attributes responsibility inside the self.
External: Attributes responsibility to forces outside the self.
Achievement Motivation: Mastery Orientation correlated with actual achievement behavior
Refer to Achievement goals often rate higher achievement motivation.
Learned Helplessness: Effort has not effect on outcomes
Persistence: Keep Trying
Girls: Lack of Ability Boys: Lack of Effort
Effort leads to Achievement= lower learned helplessness
Fixed Intelligences leads to increased learned helplessness
Self-Efficacy: Belief one can master a situation
Empowerment
Personal Agency: Actions cause outcomes
Actual experiences influence self-efficacy
Successfully performing tasks
solving problems
making things happen
Self-esteem: value one places on identity
Scholastic competance
Athletic competance
Social competance
Physical Appearance
Behavioral conduct
Factors contributing to self-esteem
Significance: Loved or cared for
Competance: Performs tasks
Virtue: Moral/ethical situations
Power: control
Influences on Self-esteem
Family
School
Peers
Mass Media
Community