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International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) (Definition: The study of sounds is…
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Phonotactics
Definition: possible combinations for phonemes, these are perceptual and not physical units. Each language has rules on how phonemes can combine. There are constraints on the kind of phonemes that can be put together. Students who grow up speaking English subconsciously have this knowledge and can not explain how they know phoneme combinations to create words.
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In the word 'kerrching,' the consonant cluster can be at the end of a word but not at the start of a word. These phomenes are combined to form words of the language.
An example of the constraints is in forming a three-consonant cluster. In this case, the first phoneme must be /s/, then a voiceless stop (p, t, k), lastly an approximant or glide.
Natural Approach
The Stages: Silent Period/Preproduction, Early Production, Speech Emergence, & Intermediate Fluency. Students that are receiving comprehensive input will continue to move to the next stage until they are fluent.
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Krashen and Terrell developed this approach in 1983, and it is similar to Krashen's Second Language Acquisition Theory.
Definition: Students that learn a language will continuously develop in the phonology, morphology, and syntax as long as they are understanding the messages they receive.
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Graphophonics
Definition: The Acquisition View, relationship between phonology and orthography. This develops when students are read to and with. Teachers use different strategies to help students acquire and build new knowledge.
The opposite is Phonics/Learning View, which is teaching phonology - phonlogical awareness, phonemic awareness, letters with their names/sound, phonics rules.
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A part of the 3 Cue System with Semantic and Syntactic. These three cues give students meaning and guide them in their learning.
