Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Genetics (Maternal inheritance (biparental inheritance, uniparental…
Genetics
-
replicon
-
DNA polymerase 
-
-
-
-
-
-
somatic mutation
Monohybrid cross
-
-
-
-
Complete Dominance
dominant
- most important, powerful, or influential.
-
test cross
pure-bred lines
-
Multiple Alleles
- Three or more alternative forms of a gene (alleles) that can occupy the same locus.
-
-
-
genotype
-
-
- is the science of inheritance
- chemical basis of genetic inheritance in the gene
- An allele is a variant form of a gene. Some genes have a variety of different forms, which are located at the same position, or genetic locus, on a chromosome.
- A genotype is an individual's collection of genes. The term also can refer to the two alleles inherited for a particular gene. The genotype is expressed when the information encoded in the genes' DNA is used to make protein and RNA molecules.
- the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
- is a DNA molecule or RNA molecule, or a region of DNA or RNA, that replicates from a single origin of replication.
- A primer is a short nucleic acid sequence that provides a starting point for DNA synthesis. In living organisms, primers are short strands of RNA. A primer must be synthesized by an enzyme called primase, which is a type of RNA polymerase, before DNA replication can occur.
- DNA polymerase is an enzyme that synthesizes DNA molecules from deoxyribonucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. These enzymes are essential for DNA replication and usually work in pairs to create two identical DNA strands from a single original DNA molecule.
- describes the mechanism of DNA replication in all known cells. It derives its name from the fact that it produces two copies of the original DNA molecule, each of which contains one of original strand, and one newly-synthesized strand.
- The replication fork is a very active area where DNA replication takes place. It is created when DNA helicase unwinds the double helix structure of the DNA.
- joining of two DNA fragments through the formation of a phosphodiester bond.
- a mutation is the alteration of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA
- a mutation affecting only one or very few nucleotides in a gene sequence.
-
- In genetics, an insertion is the addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence.
- An inversion occurs when a single chromosome undergoes breakage and rearrangement within itself.
- an agent, such as radiation or a chemical substance, which causes genetic mutation.
- are part of transposons (sequences of DNA that can move around to different positions within the genome of a single cell in a process called transposition), which use insertion sequences to insert into another or another part of the genome.
- a chromosomal segment that can undergo transposition, especially a segment of bacterial DNA that can be translocated as a whole between chromosomal, phage, and plasmid DNA in the absence of a complementary sequence in the host DNA.
- genetic alteration acquired by a cell that can be passed to the progeny of the mutated cell in the course of cell division. Somatic mutations differ from germ line mutations, which are inherited genetic alterations that occur in the germ cells
- is a mating between two organisms with different variations at one genetic chromosome of interest
- is the first generation involving two individuals that are mated to foresee or analyze the genotypes of their offspring. Their probable set of offspring would constitute the so-called first filial generation (or F1 generation).
- refers to a particular gene that has identical alleles on both homologous chromosomes. It is referred to by two capital letters (XX) for a dominant trait, and two lowercase letters (xx) for a recessive trait.
- A diploid organism is heterozygous at a gene locus when its cells contain two different alleles (one wild-type allele and one mutant allele) of a gene. The cell or organism is called a heterozygote specifically for the allele in question, and therefore, heterozygosity refers to a specific genotype.
- is a form of intermediate inheritance in which one allele for a specific trait is not completely expressed over its paired allele.
- The Punnett square is a square diagram that is used to predict the genotypes of a particular cross or breeding experiment.
- a form of dominance in heterozygous condition wherein the allele that is regarded as dominant completely masks the effect of the allele that is recessive.
- relating to or denoting heritable characteristics controlled by genes that are expressed in offspring only when inherited from both parents, i.e., when not masked by a dominant characteristic inherited from one parent.
- involves the breeding of an individual with a phenotypically recessive individual, in order to determine the zygosity of the former by analyzing proportions of offspring phenotypes. Zygosity can either be heterozygous or homozygous.
-
- cross between two different lines/genes that differ in two observed traits.
- describes how different genes independently separate from one another when reproductive cells develop.
- Chromosomal crossover (or crossing over) is the exchange of genetic material between two homologous chromosomes non-sister chromatids that results in recombinant chromosomes during sexual reproduction.
- Two types of gametes are possible when following genes on the same chromosomes. If crossing over does not occur, the products are parental gametes.
- A quantitative trait locus is a locus which correlates with variation of a quantitative trait in the phenotype of a population of organisms.
- the interaction of genes that are not alleles, in particular the suppression of the effect of one such gene by another.
they are simultaneously capable of producing more than one benefit, and in cardiovascular risk reduction, they accomplish more than simply lowering cholesterol.
is for example due to genetic variants of the mitochondrion or chloroplast, which are generally transmitted via the oocyte.
- both parents contribute organellar DNA to the progeny
- is a non-mendelian form of inheritance that consists of the transmission of genotypes from one parental type to all progeny.
The plant that contributes male reproductive material, the pollen.
-
means relating to or similar to a polyp,
Orthologous are homologous genes where a gene diverges after a speciation event, but the gene and its main function are conserved. If a gene is duplicated in a species, the resulting duplicated genes are paralogs of each other, even though over time they might become different in sequence composition and function
-