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Acute Asthma Exacerbation (Clinical Manifestations (chest tightness,…
Acute Asthma Exacerbation
Pathophysiology
inflammation of the bronchial tree
hyper-responsiveness of airways
activation of mast cells, macrophages, T helper 2 cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils & eosinophils
IgE production from allergen exposure
release of histamines, bradykinins, leukotrienes, interleukins
Clinical Manifestations
chest tightness
expiratory wheezing, when severe, inspiratory can be heard also
non-productive cough
tachypnea
tachycardia
dyspnea
hypoxemia
Epidemiology
all ages are affected
6.8 million children
18.7 million adults
more than 100 genes that are involved in a patient's response to asthma
Management
Avoid allergens such as dust, cigarette smoke
Oxygen therapy
inhaled beta-agonist bronchodilators
oral corticosteroids
monitor gas exchange and airway obstruction
antibiotics if triggered by infection
Diagnosis
Blood gases
sputum test
chest X-ray
CT scan
pulmonary function test
medical history including allergies, social
Compiled by L.Lindo-Murray