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Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes (Antibiotic and antimicrobial drugs (Five modes…

- - - - The cell wall contains NAM (n-acetyl muramic acid) and NAG (n-acetyl glucosamine). These are carbohydrate backbones that cross over one another to form the wall and are held together by tetrapeptide side chains. Peptide cross-bridges can further strengthen this wall however antibiotics such as penicillin are able to attack the tetrapeptide side chain to weaken the cell wall and kill the bacteria (bactericidal). Teichoic acids also allow for the transport of acids across the cell wall
    - - There is an outer membrane as well as a thin peptidoglycan layer. The outer membrane is coated in the lipopolysaccharide layer which is pro-inflammatory. Lipopolysaccharides are endotoxins