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Classification and Systematics (Levels of Taxonomic Categories…
Classification and Systematics
Concepts
phylogeny
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hereditary relationships of organisms
systematics
system for naming
nomenclature
nomenclature
natural system of classification
closely related organisms
classes
Levels of Taxonomic Categories
species
fundamental level of classsification
common ancestor
genera
closely related species
binomial system of nomenclature
genus + species epithet
Lycopersicon esculentum
inheritance of acquired characteristics
J. B. P. de Lamarack
incorrect
all cells produce fluid to genetalia
monophyletic
one ancestor
polyphyletic
different ancestors
family
one, several, or many genera
well defined
above family
class
order
division
kingdom
species epithet
describes species
Cladistics
analyzing evolutionary relationships
synapomorphies
homologous features
homoplasies
analogous features
understanding cladograms
cladogram
bar diagram
node
evolutionary patterns
common ancestor
apomorphy
derived condition
ancestral condition
inherited
most recent common ancestor
node 1
paraphyletic
NOT have all decendants
symplesiomorphy
shared ancestral condition
uninformtive
only species with feature
parsimony
simplest possible hypothesis
equally parsimonous
equallysimple
computer generated cladogram
unresolved polychotomy
arising from same node
not enough data
basal angiosperms
eudicots
Other Types of Classification Systems
Artificial Systems of Classification
key characters
easy to observe
ancestral group
single ancestral set
Classification System for Fossils
form genera
basic form/structure together
artificial and natural systems
Taxonomic Studies
type specimen
singular preserved plant
carries the name
key
used for plant identification
Major Lines of Evolution
life itself
~3.5 billion years ago
then prokaryote to eukaryote
grade classification
old protista classification
"protistans"
low evolutionary advancement
kingdom Plantae
clade of true plants
400 million years ago
algae adapted to land
