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Community Ecology (succession (climax community (community restoration)),…
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- a community is a group or association of populations of two or more different species occupying the same geographical area and in a particular time, also known as a biocoenosis.
- is the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time. The time scale can be decades, or even millions of years after a mass extinction.
- is a historic term for a biological community of plants, animals, and fungi which, through the process of ecological succession in the development of vegetation in an area over time, have reached a steady state.
- is the scientific study supporting the practice of ecological restoration, which is the practice of renewing and restoring degraded, damaged, or destroyed ecosystems and habitats in the environment by active human intervention and action
- is the process by which natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. In this process, the organisms that previously used the site are displaced or destroyed reducing biodiversity.
- also known as species fragmentation, is a process by which large and contiguous habitats get divided into smaller, isolated patches of habitats.
- the relationship between the area of a habitat, or of part of a habitat, and the number of species found within that area.
- is a component of biodiversity and refers to how common or rare a species is relative to other species in a defined location or community.
- in ecology is the intake rate of a consumer as a function of food density (the amount of food available in a given ecotope). It is associated with the numerical response, which is the reproduction rate of a consumer as a function of food density. Following C. S.
- There is strenuous debate among ecologists regarding the inclusion of predator density into the originally prey-dependent functional response.
- for species 1 and species 2. The zero-growth isocline describes expected equilibrium population sizes of one species if abundance of the second species is held constant, and vice versa.
- The paradox of enrichment is a term from population ecology coined by Michael Rosenzweig in 1971. He described an effect in six predator–prey models where increasing the food available to the prey caused the predator's population to destabilize.
- In population ecology and economics, maximum sustainable yield or MSY is theoretically, the largest yield (or catch) that can be taken from a species' stock over an indefinite period.
- will remove fewer individuals from the population than are recruited into it, and the population will grow. This is one way in which a fixed effort harvest is less risky than a fixed quota harvest.
- Fixed quota management occurs when a predetermined, fixed number of animals is harvested from a population. Essentially, this is the number of animals that represent the difference between K and the N that represents population size at which MSY is possible.
- Optimal foraging theory is a behavioral ecology model that helps predict how an animal behaves when searching for food. Although obtaining food provides the animal with energy, searching for and capturing the food require both energy and time.
- occurs indirectly through a common limiting resource which acts as an intermediate. For example, use of resources depletes the amount available to others, or they compete for space.
- In interference competition, the competition between organisms is direct. An example is the aggression display between competing organisms.
- is indirect competition between two or more victim species that share a natural enemy, caused by that enemy's numerical response.
- describes the ecological interaction between two or more species where each species benefits. Mutualism is thought to be the most common type of ecological interaction, and it is often dominant in most communities worldwide.
- is a plant that creates an environment that is less severe for young seedlings growing underneath it to survive in a harsh desert environment. The importance of nurse plant associations ranges from providing shade to providing the only means of seedling establishment.
- Primary succession is one of two types of biological and ecological succession of plant life, occurring in an environment in which new substrate devoid of vegetation and other organisms usually lacking soil, such as a lava flow or area left from retreated glacier, is deposited.
- is a group of populations that are separated by space but consist of the same species. These spatially separated populations interact as individual members move from one population to another.
- Source–sink dynamics is a theoretical model used by ecologists to describe how variation in habitat quality may affect the population growth or decline of organisms. Since quality is likely to vary among patches of habitat, it is important to consider how a low quality patch might affect a population.
- is quicker to exploit any vacant patches in the environment that become available (for example due to a fire or storm), colonizing and reproducing before the more competitive species occupies the patch and excludes it.
- Assisted migration, human-assisted movement of species in response to climate change, is one management option that is available to address this challenge.
- A food chain is a linear network of links in a food web starting from producer organisms and ending at apex predator species, detritivores, or decomposer species. A food chain also shows how the organisms are related with each other by the food they eat. Each level of a food chain represents a different trophic level.
- A food web is the natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation of what-eats-what in an ecological community. Another name for food web is consumer-resource system.
- The flow of energy that occurs along a food chain.The plants convert solar energy into chemical energy in the process of photosynthesis. Chemical energy is passed from one trophic level to the next through feeding.
- A keystone species is a species that has a disproportionately large effect on its natural environment relative to its abundance.
