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Nature of Management 16/7/19 (Levels of Management (What it is (The chain…
Nature of Management 16/7/19
Nature of Management
Management as an Art
Features of Art
Existence of theoretical knowledge
Personalized Application
Use of Basic knowledge varies from individual to individual
Based on practice and creativity
Involves creative practice of existing theoretical knowledge
Art implies personal application of knowledge with ingenuity, skill and creativity to achieve desired results
Manager applies this acquired knowledge in a personalized and skillful manner in the light of the realities of a given situation given rise to different styles of management
Conclusion
All the features of art are present in management and broadly fulfilled, so we can say that management is an art
It is the art of getting work done by others
It is however not a fine art like painting or music
Management as a Science
Science can be defined as a systematic body of knowledge pertaining to a specific field of study. It contains principles and facts which explain a phenomenon
Features of Science
Systematic body of knowledge
that establish cause and effect relationship
Principles based on experiments
under controlled conditions
Principles have universal validity
Principles establish cause and effect relationship
Principles of management are based on repeated experiments and observations. But since management deals with human behavior, outcomes may not always be accurately predicted/replicated
Principles don't equal exact so not universal. They have to be modified according to situations
Management as a Profession
Profession can be defined as an occupation backed by specialized knowledge and training
Features of a Profession
Body of knowledge
Restricted entry
through examination or education
Professional association
Ethical code of conduct
That guides the behaviour of its members
Service motive
by rendering dedicated and committed service
Conclusion
Management satisfies some of the features of profession but not all
So management is not regarded as a fuill fleged profession like medicine/law etc
But management is fast moving in that direction
No restriction on appointed of managers. But professional knowledge and training is desirable
There are associations such as AIMA and they lay down a code of conduct but membership is not compulsory
Stated goal of organizations and management is profit maximization but effectinve and efficient management also serve society by providing quality
Levels of Management
Top Level
Functions
Responsible for welfare and survival of the organization
Determining overall objectives and strategies for their achievements
Responsible for business activities and its impact on society
Organizing activities to be performed by persons working at the middle level
Assembling all resources
Liaison with the outside world
Integrate diverse elements and coordinate activities of different departments in one direction
Designations
BoD
Chief Executive Offficer
Chief Operating Officer
Chief Financial Officer
President
Vice President/Managers with the highest authority from different functional levels
Middle Level
Functions
Link between top and lower levels of management
Implementing and controlling plans and strategies formulated by top management
Interpretation of the policies of the top level management
Ensure that their department has necessary personnel
Assign duties and responsibilitied to the personnel in their departments
Motivating persons to achieve desired objectives
Co-operate with other departments
Responsible for line managers
Designations
Divisional heads
Operations manager
Executive Officers
Plant superintendent
Lower Level
Functions
Interact with actual workforce and develop healthy relations with the workers
Pass on instruction of middle level management to the workers
Maintain standards of quality, minimize wastage and ensure steady flow of output
Maintain safety standards
Motivate the employees
Represent problems/grievances of workers before middle level management
Help middle elvel management in recruiting, selecting and appointing the workers
Designations
Supervisors
Foremen
Clerk
What it is
The chain of superiors and subordinates from the highest level to the lowest
It is an authority responsibility relationship
Generally this chain is decided into three categorizes