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Structure of the Atom (Discovery (canal rays are equal (in magnitude…

- - - - electron & opposite in
        
        charge,called "Protons"
  - - - electron
        
        represented as e-
        
        charge -1
        
        exterior of nucleus
        
        mass is negligible
      - proton
        
        represented as P
        
        charge+1
        
        interior of nucleus
        
        mass is 2000 times of electron
  - - - Goldstein in 1886 found
        
        new radiations called "canal rays"
  - - - mutually balance
        
        their charges
- - - - like seeds of watermelon
        
        (defect)
        
        watermelon is +ve ly charged sphere
        
        embedded in it
        
        -ve,+ve equal in atom
        
        is electrically neutral
  - - - most space is empty
        
        +ve charge occupies less space
      - mass is concentrated
        
        in small volume
        
        nucleus10_times<radius
    - - +ve charge in centre in nucleus
        
        small in siz
        
        revolves in orb
    - - like stone striking
    - - revolving _l would loose energy
        
        &fall on nucleus
        
        this is overcome by bohr
        
        stationary state
    - - fall on thin gold foil
        
        some defected
        
        out of which
        
        particles passed trough atom
  - - - represented by K,L,M,NOR N=1,2,3,4
    - - radiate energy
        
        only when electron jumps from one orbit to another orbit,higher to lower
  - - - chareless &mass equal to porton
        
        electrons distributed in orbits
      - maximum electrons in nth shell is 2n2
        
        shells filled in step wise manner
      - maximum electrons in outmost orbit is 8 for n=2
        
        schematic atomic structure
- - - - are valency
  - - - there valence is 0
    - - atoms react to achieve it
        
        by sharing,gaining or losing
  - - - then valence is different
- - - - present in nucleus of atom
    - - called as Nucleons
    - - 14
        7 N
  - - - have same atomic number
    - - ex 2:Z=6 for c,has 6 protons
    - - present in the nucleus of atom
    - - no' of protons determines atomic number