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Organic chemistry (Functional group (alkane (free-radical substitution…
Organic chemistry
Functional group
alkane
conbustion
complete combustion
incomplete combustion
free-radical substitution
propagation
termination
initiation
alkene
polymerization
addition polymerization
alkyne
alcohol
oxydation
primary alcohols
secondary alcohols
subtraction polymerization
esterfication
halogenoalkane
aldehyde
ketone
carboxilic acid
esterification
reduction
ether
amine
amide
nitrile
arene
nitrobenzene
Other concept
saturated(single bond carbon) and unsaturated(double bond carbon)
order
primary: 0 or 1 carbon
secondary: 2 carbon
tertiary: 3 carbon
phisical properties
boiling point
length of C chain (London dispersion force)
polarity (dipole-dipole force)
hydrogen bond
Reaction mechanism
nucleophilic substitution
SN2(1 step)
primary halogenoalkanes
SN1(2 steps)
tertiary halogenoalkanes
influence
choice of solvent
polar protic for SN1
polar aprotic for SN2
effect of leaving groups
positive induction
rate of reaction
bond enthalpy of C-halogen
ions are more reactive than neutral species
SN1 faster than SN2(higher activation energy)
electrophilic substitution
nitration of benzen
electrophilic addition
cyclic cation: halogens to alkene
three-centre transition state
carbonation
hydrogen halides to alkene
markovnikov's rule
lone pair
Structure
structural formula
full structural formula: show all bonds and atoms
condensed formula: omit bonds (CH3CH3)
skeletal formula: vertex carbon, omit H
stereoisomerism
structural isomers
position
functional group
spacial arrangement
configurational
cis-trans
EZ
optical isomers
chirality
racemic
enantiomer
conformational