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Matter in our Surroundings (Characteristics (States of matter (liquid (no…
Matter in our Surroundings
Physical
nature
matter has both
mass &volume
made up of particles
which are very small
Characteristics
of particles of matter
particles have
space between them
salt,sugar evenly
distributed in water
it proves there is space
particles are
continuously moving
is kinetic energy
increases with increase in temperature
diffusion is intermixing pf particles
States of matter
liquid
no fixed shape
volume & boundaries
liquid flow &
change shape
solids &gases
diffused to liquids
diffusion rate is
high in liquids
solid
definite shape
volume & boundaries
negligible compressibility
gas
no fixed shape
particles move randomly
at high speed
gases flow
Th
e pres
sure exe
rted
by gas is becaus
e of fo
rce exert
ed by g
as per un
it are
a on w
alls
of cont
ain
er.
Changing
State of matter
effect of temperature
heat gets hidden
to contents of beaker
called Latent Heat
the temperature which
liquid start boiling
is boiling point
the temperature which
melts solids to liquids
is melting point
change state is fusion
particles absorb
extra energy as
Latent heat of vaporisation
increase in temperature
kinetic energy increases
effect of pressure
applying pressure &
reducing temperature
can liquefy gases
carbon dioxide get converted
to gas on decreasing
pressure to 1 atmosphere
Evaporation
effects factors
temperature
increases
more particles get
enough kinetic energy
into vapour state
humidity
if amount of water
high in air
evaporation decreases
surface area
increases
evaporation increases
ex: drying clothes
wind speed
increases
particles move away
with wind
causes cooling
particles of liquid
absorb energy from surrounding
to regain energy lost during evaporation
it makes surrounding
ex: cotton clothes absorb sweat and keep body cool in summer
change of liquid
to vapour at any
temperature below
its boiling point