Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Ch. 10 Ecology of the Community pg. 372-416 (10.6 Preventive, Supportive,…
Ch. 10 Ecology of the Community pg. 372-416
10.1 Community: Structure and Functions pg.375
Community ecology: the psychological and practical relationships between humans and their social, as well as physical, environment
Psychologically, humans need companionship and the emotional security that comes from belonging to a social group
Piratically, humans need to cooperate with others in order to share in the necessities of life
Production, distribution, consumption - means to make a living
Socialization - means by which it instills its norms and values
Social control - means to enforce adherence to community values
Social participation - fulfills the need for companionship
Mutual support - enable its members to cooperate to accomplish tasks too large or too urgent to be handled by a single person
10.2 The Community's Influence on Socialization pg. 377
Physical Factors
Population Density and Composition
refers to the number of people occupying a certain area of space
high population is good for mingling, bad for excessive social contact, reduced behavioral freedom, scarcity of resources, person space violations, etc.
Composition refers to the stability or mobility of people in a neighborhood as well as to their homogeneity
Noise - undesired or interferes with that to which one is listening, lead to hearing loss, increase in arousal levels, and stress
Community Design - refers to the way houses and streets are arranged, effects social interactions among people living in a neighborhood as well as physical activity
Play Settings - influence socialization by the types of activities that occur in them and by whether or not adults are present to supervise
Economic Factors - affects the costs of housing, transportation, education,and health care
children's well-being is directly related to that of their families, adequate income
low income/poverty impose a huge cost on the community, affects parent mental health and undermines their capacity for supportive child rearing
Social and Personal Factors
Gemeinschaft: communal, cooperative, close, intimate, and informal interpersonal relationships
Gesellschaft: associative, practical, obejective, and formal interpersonal relationships
Table 10.1 Basic Social Relationships on pg. 386
Neighborhood is where children explore, interact with other children, observe adults engaged in work or other activities, and have experiences
Factors impacting patterns of community interaction are the size, social diversity, shared norms, and valued type of social relationships
Socializing agent because it is where children learn the role expectations for adults as well as for themselves
10.3 The Community as a Learning Environment pg. 388
setting that provides potential for learning
work study programs involve students to participate in theoretical knowledge learned in school to practical experience at work
10.4 The Community as a Support System pg. 389
Informal support (gemeinschaft) takes a tribe, or formal (gesellschaft) public or private funding
Increasing population increasing due to people living longer, more in poverty,
changing nature of families, teen families, single parents, divorced parents
increasing urbanization, more businesses, expansion of communities, reminds me of Dallas, Houston, San Antonio
10.5 Macrosystem Influences on Community Services pg. 389
Political ideology refers to legislation and is influential in determining what services government leaders support
public agencies, taxation within legal framework
private agencies, financed by donations, memberships, corporate contributions, consultation fees, investment income, grants, sales, conference fees, managed by board of directors
combination agencies use both
10.6 Preventive, Supportive, and Rehabilitative Services pg. 390
Preventive services: programs that seek to lessen the stresses and strains of life resulting from social and technological changes and to avert problems
Supportive Services: programs that maintain the health, education, and welfare of the community
Rehabilitative services: programs that enable or restore people's ability to participate in the community
Preventive Services: Parks, Recreation, and Education
purpose is to provide for people's needs for space, socializing, physical activity, and mental stimulation
govt provides recreational services by maintaining natural or designed environments, promoting physical fitness, and classed to enable people to develop interests and skills for leisure or enhance skills for employability
Supportive Services: Family and Child
purpose is to preserve a healthy family life by helping family members achieve harmonious relationships
family service agencies provide referral to specific agencies dealing with specific problems
economic assistance, grants, finding jobs or locating affordable and suitable housing, distribution of food and medicine, child care services
Child Health and Welfare, encompass care for individuals who my be indigent, neglected, abused, deserted, sick, disable, maladjusted, or delinquent
Table 10.2 How are services to families delivered in the community? pg. 392
10.6 Rehabilitative Services: Correction, Mental Health, Special Needs
enable or restore an individual's capacity to participate effectively in the community by correcting behavior, addressing mental health, and/or providing needed services to those who have recently immigrated or have a disability
Correctional services purpose is to provide for people who have a difficult time abiding by legal rules of the community
Table 10.3 Categories of Community Services pg. 396
10.7 Creating Caring Communities pg. 396
Economic Assistance to Families
45% of children in the U.S. live in poverty, below federal guideline 23,550 for a family of four
TANF, unemployment compensation, social security survivor or disability benefits, SSI, veterans' benefits, child nutrition services, other services
persistently high rate of unemployment, inability of pearents to earn high enough wage, growth in number of female headed houses, inadequate preschool education public education and job training, inadequate budgets in govt programs
Health Care for Families
early and continuous health care for children after birth saves lives and minimize long-term health problems
human-made environmental hazards increasingly threaten the health of all children
Govt programs, Medicaid, maternal and child health services, centers for disease control, child nutrition programs
Social Support for Families
govt programs support families child welfare services, social services block grants (Title XX), child and adolescent service system program
Special Services for Children with Special Needs
more national attention 1974 National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect
Foster care provides temporary care when children cannot be cared for in their own homes for any of the following reasons: death or illness of a parent, divorce or desertion, inadequate financial support, abuse or neglect, and behavioral problems with which a parent cannot cope
problems with placement
Table 10.4 Key federal assistance programs for children and families pg 406
child advocacy, refers to the process of supporting a person, group, or cause
NCC created by Congress and President Bush to serve as a forum on behalf of children of the Nation, assess the status of children and families in the U.S. and to propose new directions for policy and program development in order to improve opportunities
10.8 Mesosystem Influence: Linking Community Services to Families and Schools pg.406
effective when linked with health, nutrition, social services, and education for children and their parents, strengthens the immediate environment of vulnerable children, making them more resilient to stress
Head start addresses physical, emotional, cognitive, and family support needs of the the child
BEEP and BBBF
linkages b/t children, families, and communities are child care resource and referral agencies providing information to parents regarding health, social services, education
10.9 Community Involvement: Volunteerism pg. 408
volunteering/participating in community issues provides help where it is needed, provides assistance to institutions and organization that serve the public
10.10 Community Involvement: Advocacy pg.408
Child Advocacy: the process of sensitizing individuals and groups to the unmet needs of children and to society's obligation to provide a positive response to those needs
advocacy groups can form to solve and monitor a particular problem, source of continuous support for children's problems in general
Children's Defense Fund (CDF)
Child Welfare League of America (CWLA)
National Congress of Parents and Teachers (NCPT)
Child Welfare Information Gateway (CWIG)
offers resources on child abuse and neglect overview, definitions, identification, statistics, risk and protective factors, perpetrators, impact, fatalities, contact
state requires that a report of suspected child abuse be made immediately or promptly
Therapeutic intervention or treatment: family preservation, parent education, child care, family therapy, kinship care, foster care, parent support groups, institutionalization, adoption