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Phy 6 (Magnets (Demagnetization (Self Demagnitization (Over Time When a…
Phy 6
Magnets
Substances Which Attract Magnetic Substances
Discovered By Magnes in Magnesia, Greece, 2000 yrs ago
eg. Magnetite (later Named Lodestone, Lead Stone)
Natural
Possesses the Inherent Properties of Magnetism
Artificial
Temporary
Soft Materials, Hold Magnetism For a Short Period
eg. Iron
Electromagnet
Permanent
Retains Magnetism For a Longer Duration
eg. Steel
Does not Originally Possess Magnetic Properties, But Can be Transformed into Magnets
Magnetic Force
Force Exerted By It On Another Object
Magnetic Field
Field Around It Where Its Force Can Be Felt
Bar
Parts
Magnetic Pole
South
Magnet Freely Suspended Points to Geographical South Pole
Ends
North
Magnet Freely Suspended Points to Geographical North Pole
Magnetic Axis
Imaginary Line, Joins North to South Pole
Effective Length
Distance Between Two Ends
Equator
Imaginary Line, Passes Through Center, Divides Effective Length into Two Equal Parts
Properties
Attracts Magnetic Substances
Repulses Like Poles
Attracts Unlike Poles
Poles Coexistence
Rests in N-S Direction
Strongest at Ends
Weakest At Center
Magnetization
Double Touch Method
Select and Rub Two Opposite Poles of A Bar Magnet Starting From the Center to the End Repeatedly
Induction Method
Bring Bar Magnet Close to the Metal
Electrical Method
Wrap and Insulated Wire Of Copper Around a Soft Iron Rod Making A Coil and Turn On Its Switch So That the Electrical Current Flows in It
Process of Converting Magnetic Material Into A Magnet
Single Touch Method
Rub One Pole of A Bar Magnet Against the Metal In the Same Direction Repeatedly
Demagnetization
Process of Removing Magnetism From a Magnet
Repeatedly Hammering It
Heating It At Very High Temperatures
Rough Handing
Dropping It On the Floor a Number of Time
Self Demagnitization
Over Time When a Magnet's Poles are Left Free
Electromagnet
Soft Iron Rod With An Insulated Copper Wire Coiled Coiled Around It
Storage
Magnetic Keepers
Soft Iron Strips that when kept across the ends of two Bar Magnets, Prevent Demagnetism
Uses
Compass (Finding Geographical Directions), Televisions, Computer Screens, Speakers, Microphones, Telephones, Tape Recorders, Cranes, Cupboards Refrigerator Doors
Maglev (Magnetic Levitation) Trains
Levitates/ Floats Using Attractive and Repulsive Poles Instead of Wheels
Magnetic Therapy
Using Magnets to Detect Problems in a Patient's Organs
Magnetic Substances
eg. Iron, Steel, Cobalt, Nickel
Non-Magnetic Substances
eg. Paper, Glass, Plastic
Forces
A Push or Pull Acting on a Body Which Tends to Change its State of Rest or Motion
SI U: Newton
Produce Or Stops Motion
Changes the Direction or Speed of Motion
Changes the Shape or Size of an Object
Contact Forces
Muscular Force
Exerted By Our Muscles
Tension
Exerted By Stretched Rope or String
Collision Force
Collision of Two Bodies
Friction
Opposes Motion of Two Bodies
Produces Heat
Causes Wear and Tear
Static Friction
When Bodies are at Rest With Respect to Each Other
Sliding Friction
Occurs When an Object Slides Over a Surfaces
Rolling Friction
Occurs When an Object Rolls Over a Surfaces
Mechanical Force
Produced By Machine
Non-Contact Forces
Magnetic Force
Exerted By Magnet
Electrostatic Force
Exerted By Charged Body on A Charged/ Uncharged Body
Gravitational
Two Masses Pull Each Other
Weight
Attracts a Body Towards the Center of the Earth
SI U: Kilogram Force (kgf)
Pressure
Force Acting On a Unit Area of Surface
SI U: Pascal (Pa) + 1N/ m P2 or 1Nm -P2
Pressure (P) = Force (F)/ Area of Contact (A)
Work
Energy
Mechanical
Kinetic
Kinetic Energy (K.E) = 1/2 mv P2 or 1/2 mass x Velocity P2
Possessed By a Body By Virtue of its Motion
Potential
Gravitational Potential
GPE = m x g x h
Gained By a Body When it is Raised to Some Height
Elastic Potential
Gained By a Body When Work is Done to Deform, Stretch or Compress
Possessed By it's Virtue of its Position
Possessed By it's Position of Motion
Electrical
Magnetic
Heat
Light
Sound
Chemical
Muscular
Nuclear
Said to be Done When: Force is Applied And the Body Moves in The Direction of Force
Work = Force x Distance Moved By Body (Displacement)
SI U: 1 Joule (J) or 1 Newton-Meter (Nm)
Resultant Force
Total Force Acting On A Body
Acting in the Opposite Directions
Total
Acting in the Same Direction
Difference
Machines
Simple
Simple Tools
Changes Direction of Applied Force in Most Appropriate Direction
Reduces Effort Needed to Do Work
Lever
Rigid Bar/ Rod, Rests On a Support/ Fulcrum
Load x Load Arm = Effort x Effort Arm
Class 1
Fulcrum Between Load and Effort, May Not Change Any Force
eg. See-Saw, Scissors
Class 2
eg. Bottle Opener, Nutcracker
Load Between Effort and Fulcrum, Force Multiplier
Class 3
Effort Between Fulcrum and Load, Distance Multiplier
eg. Tongs, Tweezers
Wheel and Axle
Large Wheel Rotates Around the Center or Axle
Force Multiplier
eg. Doorknob, Steering Wheel
Distance Multiplier
eg. Bicycle, Car
Pulley
Rope Wrapped Around a Wheel, Force Multiplier
Fixed Pulley
Attached to Hook or Wall, Does Not Move
M.A. = 1
Movable
Pulley Moves With the Load
Advantage = Reduces Effort to Pull Load
Disadvantage = One Has to Push or Pull It Up and Down
Combined Pulley
Both Fixed and Movable Pulley are Used
Advantage = Effort Needed to Lift the Load is Half the Weight of the Load
Disadvantage = Has to Travel a Long Distance
M.A. = 2
Inclined Plane
Slanting Surface, Connects Two Points at Different Heights, Force Multiplier
M.A. = Length of Inclined Plane : Vertical Rise (Height)
Screw
Inclined Plane Wrapped Around a Rod, Makes Number of Turns On it, Force Multiplier
Lead
Linear Distance Between its Adjacent Threads, Smaller it is, the Higher the M.A.
Pitch
Distance Between Adjacent Threads
Fastener
eg. Bolts, Screws
Method of Lifting Things
eg. Car Jack
Wedge
At Least One Slanting Side Ends in Sharp Edge
eg. razor, pin
Complex Simple
Two or More Simple Machines
Object that Allows Us to Perform a Task With Lesser Effort than Doing it Single-Handedly
Mechanical Advantage
Ratio of Load Lifted By a Machine to the Effort Applied
Measurements
Physical Quantity
Physical Quantity/ P = NU/ Magnitude x Unit of Msm
Units
Sub-Multiples
Smaller Form
Link: file:///C:/Users/Eduseeds-Home-User/Pictures/Sub-Multiples.PNG
Multiples
Larger Form
Link: file:///C:/Users/Eduseeds-Home-User/Pictures/Multiples.PNG
Fixed Quantity used as a Standard for Measuring
Non-Standard
Non-Accurate, Lacked Precision
eg. Cubit, Handspan
Standard
MKS (Meter-Kilogram-Second) System
Mass
SI U: Kilogram (kg)
Amount of Matter Contained
Time
SI U: Second (s)
Interval Between Two Events
24-Hour Clock
Number of Hours and Minutes (hh:mm/ hh:mm:ss) Since mIdnight (24:00/ 00:00)
12-Hour Clock
a.m. (Ante Meridiem)
24:00/ 00:00-12:00
p.m. (Post Meridiem)
12:00-24:00/ 00:00
Temperature
SI U: Kelvin (K)
Degree of Hotness or Coldness of a Body
Thermometer
Measures Thermometer
Clinical Thermometer
Measures The Human Body
Laboratory Thermometer
Measures Temperatures in a Laboratory, High Precision
Maximum-Minimum/ Six's Thermometer
Measures the Maximum And Minimum Temperature of a Place
Electric Current
SI U: Ampere (A)
Luminous Intensity
SI U: Candela (Cd)
Amount of Substance
SI U: Mole (mol)
Lenght
Distance Between Two Extreme Ends Of A Object
SI U: Meter (m)
Area
Amount of Space occupied By a Two-Dimensional Figure
SI U: Meter P2
Formula
Square
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Rectangle
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Triangle
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Circle
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Volume
Amount of Space occupied By a Three-Dimensional Figure
SI U: Meter P3
Formula
Cube
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Cuboid
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Cylinder
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Sphere
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CGS (Centimeter-Gram-Second) System
FPS (Foot-Pound-Second) System
Approximation
Estimate or Guess of Something that is Not Exact But Close Enough to be Useful
Average
Measure of the Expected Value of a Set of Observations
Average = Sum of All Obbservations/ Number of Observations
Process of Determining The Magnitude of Physical Quantity
Study of Matter and its Motion Through Space and Time, as Well as Application, Such as Energy and Force