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Alcohols (Properties of alcohols (Alcohols are polar molecules (-OH is…
Alcohols
Properties of alcohols
Primary alcohol: OH attached to CH2
Secondary alcohol: OH attached to CH
Tertiary alcohol: OH attached to C
C(n)H(2n+1)OH
Alcohols are polar molecules
due to electronegative hydroxyl group
pulls electrons in C-OH bond away from the carbon atom
-OH is polar
S+ charge on O, S- charge on H
R1---O-----H
Attracts lone pairs on the oxygen atom
Forms Hydrogen Bonds
Hydrogen bonds are the strongest IM force between molecules
This gives alcohols
Low Volatility
and a high
Boiling Poin
t
When an alcohol is put in water, H-bonds form between the -OH and H2O
Reactions of alcohols
Substitution reactions of alcohols
Alcohols will react with compounds containing halide ions (e.g. NaBr) in a
Substitution reaction
Elimination reactions of alcohols
Can make alkenes by eliminating water from alcohols in elimination reactions.
Alcohol is mixed with with an acid catalyst (conc H2SO4 or conc H3PO4)
Mixture is then heated