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Chemisty Summary (Structure of an Atom (Protons- Found in the nucleus, and…
Chemisty Summary
Structure of an Atom
Protons- Found in the nucleus, and have a positive charge.
Neutrons- Found in the nucleus, and have a neutral charge.
Electrons- Found in shells, and have a negative charge.
Shells- The outer part of the atom, which orbits the nucleus.
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The pH scale
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Alkalis
An alkali is a substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH-) when it dissolves in water. The more hydroxide ions it releases, the stronger the alkali is.
The higher the number on the right, the stronger the alkali and the lower the number, the weaker it is.
Acids
An acid is a liquid that releases hydrogen atoms (H+) when it dissolves in water. The more H+ it releases, the stronger the acid is.
The lower the number on the left of the pH scale, the stronger the acid with the weaker acids being higher on the left.
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Ions
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Group 1 elements lose 1 electron, Group 2 elements lose 2 electrons, Group 3 elements lose 3 electrons, Group 6 elements gain 2 electrons, Group 7 elements gain 1 electron and Group 4 and 5 both gain electrons (as the are non-metals)
Metal atoms always lose electrons, but non-metal atoms always gain electrons.
Elements,Mixtures and Compounds
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Balancing Equations
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Atoms are not created or destroyed in chemical reactions so we must always make sure that there are equal numbers of atoms before and after the arrow.
Writing Formula
1.Write the symbols of the ions next to each other using the periodic table e.g. K+1 S-2
- Crossover the numbers and write the symbols e.g. K2 S1
