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Intellectual Disabilities ((Useful strategies for teaching students with…
Intellectual Disabilities
Definition of Intellectual Disability
Intellectual disability is a disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills. This disability originates before the age of 18.
Intellectual functioning—also called intelligence—refers to general mental capacity, such as learning, reasoning, problem solving, and so on.
One way to measure intellectual functioning is an IQ test. Generally, an IQ test score of around 70 or as high as 75 indicates a limitation in intellectual functioning.
SIGNS OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY
sit up, crawl, or walk later than other children;
learn to talk later, or have trouble speaking,
find it hard to remember things,
not understand how to pay for things,
have trouble understanding social rules,
have trouble seeing the consequences of their actions,
have trouble solving problems, and/or
have trouble thinking logically.
Figure 2f from: Irimia R, Gottschling M (2016) Taxonomic revision of Rochefortia Sw. (Ehretiaceae, Boraginales). Biodiversity Data Journal 4: E7720.
https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e7720
. (n.d.). doi:10.3897/bdj.4.e7720.figure2fIntellectual Disabilities. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.projectidealonline.org/v/intellectual-disabilities/Manager
. (2018, February 19). Strategies for Teaching Students with Intellectual Disabilities. Retrieved from
https://therapytravelers.com/strategies-teaching-students-intellectual-disabilities/What
is Intellectual Disability? (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/intellectual-disability/what-is-intellectual-disability
Intellectual disability affects about one percent of the population, and of those about 85 percent have mild intellectual disability. Males are more likely than females to be diagnosed with intellectual disability.
Three areas of adaptive functioning are considered:
Conceptual – language, reading, writing, math, reasoning, knowledge, memory
Social – empathy, social judgment, communication skills, the ability follow rules and the ability to make and keep friendships
Practical – independence in areas such as personal care, job responsibilities, managing money, recreation and organizing school and work tasks
Useful strategies for teaching students with intellectual disabilities include, but are not limited to, the following techniques:
Teach one concept or activity component at a time
Teach one step at a time to help support memorization and sequencing
Teach students in small groups, or one-on-one, if possible
Always provide multiple opportunities to practice skills in a number of different settings
Use physical and verbal prompting to guide correct responses, and provide specific verbal praise to reinforce these responses
