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5.1.2 6.1.2 7.1.2 (STRATEGIC PLANNING (It is important for the strategic…

- - - - Determining requirements requires systematic consideration of the enterprise’s STRATEGIC INTENTION, how these translate into SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES AND BUSINESS INITIATIVES,
        
        what IT CAPABILITIES will be needed to support these objectives and initiatives.
        
        assessing IT capabilities, the existing SYSTEM'S PORTFOLIO should be
        reviewed in terms of
        
        functional fit,
        
        cost
        
        and risk.
    - - Assessing IT’s capacity to deliver
        
        involves a review of an organization’s technical IT infrastructure and key support processes
        
        project management,
        
        software development and maintenance practices,
        
        security administration,
        
        and help desk services)
        
        to determine whether expansion or improvement is necessary
  - - - . The strategic IT plan should balance the cost of maintenance of existing systems against the cost of new initiatives or systems to support business strategies.
  - - - a strategic planning process or planning framework.
      - IS strategic planning,
      - taking management control practices into consideration.
      - how the CIO or senior IT management is involved in the creation of the overall business strategy.
    - - to the need to assess how Operational, tactical or business development plans from the business are considered
        
        , contents of strategic plans,
        
        in IT strategy formulation
        
        requirements for updating and communicating plans,
        
        and monitoring and evaluation requirements
- - - - • Customer satisfaction with product and service offerings
      - • Customer profitability, including determination of which attributes are useful predictors of customer profitability
      - • Staff and business unit achievement of key performance indicators
      - • Risk management (e.g., by identifying unusual transaction patterns and accumulation of incident and loss statistics)
      - • Process cost, efficiency and quality
  - - - The result is that even fundamental business questions cannot be properly answered without establishing serious BI capability
    - - utilization of IT to maintain and extend a business’s knowledge capital represents a new opportunity to use technology to gain an advantage over competitors.
    - - Financial institutions must now be able to report on all accounts/instruments their customers have and all transactions against those accounts/instruments, including any suspicious transaction patterns.
  - - - • The enterprise data flow architecture (EDFA)
      - • A logical data architecture
  - - - This is where end users directly deal with information.
        
        This layer includes familiar desktop tools such as
        
        spreadsheets,
        
        direct querying tools,
        
        reporting and analysis suites,
        
        and purpose-built applications such as balanced scorecards (BSCs)
        
        and digital dashboards.
    - - Enterprise information derives from a number of
        sources: operational data, external data and nonoperational data.
    - - DWs are normally instituted as large relational databases.
        
        A core data warehouse (DW) is where all (or at least the majority of) the data of interest to an organization are captured and organized to assist reporting and analysis.
        
        DW should hold fully normalized data to support the flexibility to deal with complex and changing business structures
    - - Data marts represent subsets of information from the core DW selected and organized to meet the needs of a particular business unit or business line.
        
        Data marts may be relational databases or some form of online analytical processing (OLAP) data structure (also known as a data cube). Data marts have a simplified structure compared to the normalized DW
    - - This layer is responsible for data copying, transformation into DW format and quality control.
      - It is particularly important that only reliable data get loaded to the core DW. .
      - This layer needs to be able to deal with problems periodically thrown up by operational systems
        
        such as changes to account number formats and reuse of old account and customer numbers (when the DW still holds information on the original entity)
    - - This layer operates to connect the data storage and quality layer with data stores in the data source layer and, in the process, avoiding the need to know exactly how these data stores are organized
    - - This layer is concerned with the assembly and preparation of data for loading into data marts.
        
        The usual practice is to pre calculate the values that are loaded into OLAP data repositories to increase access speed.
        
        Specialist data mining also normally requires preparation of data.
        
        Data mining explores large volumes of data to determine patterns and trends of information.
    - - Metadata are data about data.
        
        The information held in the metadata layer needs to extend beyond data structure names and formats to provide detail on business purpose and context.
        
        The metadata layer should be comprehensive in scope, covering data as they flow between the various layers, including documenting transformation and validation rules.
    - - The function of this layer is the scheduling of the tasks necessary to build and maintain the DW and populate data marts.
      - This layer is also involved in the administration of security
    - - This layer is concerned with transporting information between the various layers.
      - In addition to business data, thislayer encompasses generation, storage and targeted communication of control messages
    - - This layer is concerned with basic data communication. Included here are browser-based user interfaces and Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) networking