Cardiac - ANATOMY - Peripheral Blood Vessels
Systemic Veins
*IVC = Inferior Vena Cava
*Renal Veins
Renal Vein NUTCRACKER occlusion
- SMA and Aorta act like a NUTCRACKER and occlude the LEFT renal vein ONLY
- causes NUTCRACKER varicocele of the left gonadal veins
Clinical Cases:
Clinical Case
Clinical Case
Notes:
- note that
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(4)
Left *subclavian artery
(ligamentum arteriosum)
*Home
*IVC = Inferior Vena Cava
L1
*CIA = Common Illiac Artery
*EIA = External Illiac Vein
*Femoral Vein
*Deep femoral Vein
-
*SVC = Superior Vena Cava
*Superficial femoral Vein
-
*Great saphenous Vein
- used for CABG surgery
*IIA = Internal Illiac Vein
External Iliac Vein Branches
Left Common carotid artery
Internal carotid artery
.
Carotid Sinus
- baroreceptors
- afferent = glossopharyngeal = CN 9
- efferent = vagus = CN10
External carotid artery
*Portal Vein System
*Portal Vein
*Portal Vein
*splenic Vein
- collects both from the Spleen and the IMV
- IMV = Inferior messenteric Vein
*SMV = Superior messenteric Vein
*IMV = Inferior messenteric Vein
- drains both upper and middle thirds of the anus
*Splenic Vein
- note the splenic vein specifically drains the fundus of the stomach
--> effect grehlin levels if there is a blockage in the splenic vein
*External Carotid Artery Branches
- external carotid artery terminates when it bifurcates into the 2 main large arteries:
- STA = superficial temporal artery
- MA = maxillary artery
--> MA gives off many important branches
--> including the MMA = middle meningeal artery
-->
*Anal Rectum Venous Drainage
- ABOVE the dentate line = PORTAL
--> Superior Rectal Vein of Potal system - ABOVE the dentate line = PORTAL
--> Inferior Rectal Vein of Internal Illiac
Thoracic aorta:
- passes through the mediastinum
Diaphragmatic Hiatus - aorta:
- "I8 10Eggs in Vagus At12 noon"
--> T8 = IVC
--> T10 = esophagus + vagus CN10
--> T12 = Aorta
*Celiac Trunk
*Celiac Trunk
Stomach Blood Supply
- note that both the left and right lesser and greater curvature branches anastamose with each other
- the only exception is the SHORT GASTRIC ARTERY
- supplies the fundus as a branch from the splenic artery
Vessels of the Hepatodudenal ligament
- portal vein
- hepatic artery
- common bile duct
*SMA = Superior Messenteric Artery
*Nutcracker Syndromes (x2) of the SMA
- SMA pinches over top of BOTH the LEFT RENAL VEIN
--> left testicle NUTCRACKER syndrome of LEFT VARICOCELE - SMA pinches over top of 3rd part of the DUODENUM
--> causes NUTCRACKER syndrome of BILIARY EMESIS
*IMA = Inferior Messenteric Artery
- supplies ALL of the HINDGUT
*Hindgut Artery Supply
- IMA
L1
*CIA = Common Illiac Artery
*IIA = Internal Illiac Artery
*EIA = External Illiac Artery
External Iliac Artery Branches
Inferior epigastric artery
Hesselbach's Triangle
- 3 borders
Notes:
- The inguinal triangle contains a depression referred to as the medial inguinal fossa, through which direct inguinal hernias protrude through the abdominal wall
Clinical Case
Clinical Case
Notes:
- note that
*Femoral Artery
*Femoral Triangle
- NAVY from outside in
- where the Great SV can be accessed for CABG surgery
*SFA = Superficial Femoral Artery
*Popliteal Artery
- changes into popliteal behind the knee
*ATA = Anterior Tibial Artery
*ATA = Anterior Tibial Artery
*PTA = Posterior Tibial Artery
*DFA = Deep Femoral Artery
Peripheral *Abdominal Wall Blood Vessels
- superior and inferior epigastric arteries and veins
- superficial epigastric vessels
Peripheral *Abdominal Wall Blood Vessels
- superior and inferior epigastric arteries and veins
- superficial epigastric vessels
*Arcuate Line
- right at the level of the umbilicus
- note that the rectus abdominus muscles have a sheath anterior and posterior
--> the posterior though only is in the upper epigastric area
--> think this makes it easier for Cesarian sections since you don't have to go through 2 sheaths- arcuate line marks the end of the upper POSTERIOR abdominus sheath
- BELOW the arcuate line there is ONLY ANTERIOR SHEATH
Notes:
- everything SMALL is below the INFERIOR MA
--> small kidneys and gonads
--> INFERIOR adrenal also comes off the renal arteries
Clinical Cases
Clinical Case
Clinical Case
Notes:
- note that
femoral triangle case
Notes:
- note that
Clinical Case
Femoral Triangle
- outside --> In NAVY
- nerve
- artery
- vein
- lymph node
Right *brachiocephalic artery
Right Subclavian artery
Right Common carotid artery
*subclavian artery pathology
Subclavian Steal Syndrome
**Vertebral Arteries --> drain intp the subclavian**
Clinical Cases
Clinical Case
Clinical Case
Notes:
- note that
Subclavian Steal Syndrome Vertebral arteries case**
Notes:
- note that Subclavian steal syndrome is often due to arteriosclerosis of the subclavian artery just proximal where the vertebral artery branches off.
- this causes occlusion here and blood can't pass through
- blood then from the basilar artery of the barin diverts blood in retrograde direction down the affect side vertebral artery to supply the upper arm
- patients presnt with light headness or loss of power or weakness in the affected arm due to not enough blood getting there
Clinical Case
Left *subclavian artery
*Internal carotid artery
Internal Carotid Artery Branches
Left Brachiocephalic vein
Right Brachiocephalic vein
Right Subclavian vein
Right Internal Jugular vein
Right External Jugular vein
Left Subclavian vein
Left External Jugular vein
Left Internal Jugular vein
*Thoracic Duct
*Thoracic Duct
Brachiocephalic Vein anatomy
- note that your brachiocephalic veins are symmetrical --> have them on both sides
- where you only have a brachiocephalic artery on your right side
- on the left they come directly off the aorta
- note also that the right brachiocephalic vein drains lymph from you right arm and face
Clinical Cases
Clinical Case
Clinical Case
Notes:
- note that
Brachiocephalic Vein case
Clinical Case
Right Internal Jugular vein
Pulmonary Circulation
*Home
*Pulmonary Circulation
Bronchopulmonary Anastamosis
- only part of the body that is independent and shunts unoxygenated blood back into the left atrium
- doesn't really make a big difference
Diaphragm apertures
"3 holes, each with 3 things going through it":
T8 = IVC foramen
--> right phrenic nerve, lymph nodes
T10 = Esophageal hiatus: esophagus,
--> vagal trunks, left gastric vessels.
T12 = Aortic hiatus:
--> thoracic duct, azygous vein.
Ophthalmic and Retinal Artery Branches
Clinical Case
RA occlusion from carotid sinus original emboli
Notes:
- note that
Clinical Case
STA = superficial temporal artery
-
MA = maxillary artery
- MA gives off many important branches
- MMA = middle meningeal artery
--> lies behind the pterion
--> breaks in skull fractures and gives subarachnoid hemorrhages
MA = maxillary artery BRANCHES
- MA gives off many important branches
- MMA = middle meningeal artery
--> lies behind the pterion
--> breaks in skull fractures and gives subarachnoid hemorrhages
*facial artery
- superior labial artery from the facial artery is one of the 3 blood vessels that anastamose at Little area = Kieselbach plexus
*superior labial artery
- superior labial artery from the facial artery is one of the 3 blood vessels that anastamose at Little area = Kieselbach plexus
*Little's Area = Kieselbach plexus
- superior labial artery from the facial artery is one of the 3 blood vessels that anastamose at Little area = Kieselbach plexus
*Epistaxis of Little's Area
